Mackintosh, KA and Knowles, ZR and Ridgers, ND and Fairclough, SJ (2011) Using formative research to develop CHANGE!: a curriculum-based physical activity promoting intervention. BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, 11. pp. 1-12. ISSN 1471-2458

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Abstract

Background: Low childhood physical activity levels are currently one of the most pressing public health concerns.
Numerous school-based physical activity interventions have been conducted with varied success. Identifying
effective child-based physical activity interventions are warranted. The purpose of this formative study was to elicit
subjective views of children, their parents, and teachers about physical activity to inform the design of the
CHANGE! (Children’s Health, Activity, and Nutrition: Get Educated!) intervention programme.
Methods: Semi-structured mixed-gender interviews (group and individual) were conducted in 11 primary schools,
stratified by socioeconomic status, with 60 children aged 9-10 years (24 boys, 36 girls), 33 parents (4 male, 29
female) and 10 teachers (4 male, 6 female). Questions for interviews were structured around the PRECEDE stage of
the PRECEDE-PROCEDE model and addressed knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards physical activity, as well as
views on barriers to participation. All data were transcribed verbatim. Pen profiles were constructed from the
transcripts in a deductive manner using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model framework. The profiles
represented analysis outcomes via a diagram of key emergent themes.
Results: Analyses revealed an understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health, although
some children had limited understanding of what constitutes physical activity. Views elicited by children and
parents were generally consistent. Fun, enjoyment and social support were important predictors of physical activity
participation, though several barriers such as lack of parental support were identified across all group interviews.
The perception of family invested time was positively linked to physical activity engagement.
Conclusions: Families have a powerful and important role in promoting health-enhancing behaviours. Involvement
of parents and the whole family is a strategy that could be significant to increase children’s physical activity levels.
Addressing various perceived barriers to such behaviours therefore, remains imperative.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1117 Public Health And Health Services
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	BioMed Central
Related URLs:	Author
Date Deposited:	14 May 2015 10:30
Last Modified:	14 May 2015 10:30
DOI or Identification number:	10.1186/1471-2458-11-831
URI:	http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/1064

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