Carswell, AT, Oliver, SJ, Wentz, LM, Kashi, DS, Roberts, R, Tang, JCY, Izard, RM, Jackson, S, Allan, D, Rhodes, LE, Fraser, WD, Greeves, JP and Walsh, NP (2018) Influence of Vitamin D Supplementation by Sunlight or Oral D3 on Exercise Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50 (12). pp. 2555-2564. ISSN 1530-0315

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Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between vitamin D status and exercise performance in a large, prospective cohort study of young men and women across seasons (study 1). Then, in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, to investigate the effects on exercise performance of achieving vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D >/= 50 nmol.L) by a unique comparison of safe, simulated-sunlight and oral vitamin D3 supplementation in wintertime (study 2). METHODS: In study 1, we determined 25(OH)D relationship with exercise performance in 967 military recruits. In study 2, 137 men received either placebo, simulated sunlight (1.3x standard erythemal dose in T-shirt and shorts, three times per week for 4 wk and then once per week for 8 wk) or oral vitamin D3 (1000 IU.d for 4 wk and then 400 IU.d for 8 wk). We measured serum 25(OH)D by high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and endurance, strength and power by 1.5-mile run, maximum dynamic lift and vertical jump, respectively. RESULTS: In study 1, only 9% of men and 36% of women were vitamin D sufficient during wintertime. After controlling for body composition, smoking, and season, 25(OH)D was positively associated with endurance performance (P </= 0.01, DeltaR = 0.03-0.06, small f effect sizes): 1.5-mile run time was ~half a second faster for every 1 nmol.L increase in 25(OH)D. No significant effects on strength or power emerged (P > 0.05). In study 2, safe simulated sunlight and oral vitamin D3 supplementation were similarly effective in achieving vitamin D sufficiency in almost all (97%); however, this did not improve exercise performance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D status was associated with endurance performance but not strength or power in a prospective cohort study. Achieving vitamin D sufficiency via safe, simulated summer sunlight, or oral vitamin D3 supplementation did not improve exercise performance in a randomized-controlled trial.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	American College of Sports Medicine
Related URLs:	Author
Date Deposited:	12 Mar 2020 11:49
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2021 07:43
DOI or ID number:	10.1249/MSS.0000000000001721
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/12469

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