Lotto, R, Vann, M and McCunnell, L Out of hospital cardiac arrest; the experiences of known bystanders – A scoping review and narrative synthesis. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing. ISSN 1749-6403 (Accepted)

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in adults, with cardiac arrest and sudden death due to coronary ischaemia the primary single cause. Around 90% of cardiac arrests occur either at home or in the workplace. The provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with a three-fold increase in survival. However, the effects on bystanders are frequently neglected, with the emotional and psychological consequences being particularly pronounced when the casualty is known to the rescuers. Aims: To synthesise the available literature exploring bystander experience post cardiac arrest, with particular emphasis on bystanders known to the casualty. Methods: A scoping review was undertaken in line with Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. A search strategy was developed for three online databases, Cinahl, Scopus and Medline alongside a grey literature review (as standard for a scoping review) with the search undertaken on the 05.05.2024. Two reviewers independently assessed all articles for inclusion and extracted relevant study information. Findings: The findings of 12 articles are presented in three categories: response dynamics, encompassing the immediate reactions and decision-making processes; emotional fallout, addressing the long-term psychological and emotional impacts; and moving on, examining the requirements for both practical and emotional support in the aftermath of the event. Conclusion: There is limited literature exploring the needs of families following observation or involvement in the resuscitation of a known casualty. Whilst the emotional and psychological impact is clearly significant, there is currently no structured support system available following the event. The need for ongoing support and care for families is highlighted.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology; 1110 Nursing; 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RT Nursing
Divisions:	Nursing & Allied Health
Publisher:	MA Healthcare
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2024 11:27
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2024 11:27
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/23873

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