Different Carbohydrate Ingestion Patterns Do Not Affect Physiological Responses, Whole‐Body Substrate Oxidation or Gastrointestinal Comfort in Cycling

Jones, RO, Vaz DE Oliveria, M, Palmer, B, Maguire, D, Butler, G, Gothard, I, Kavanagh, K, Areta, J, Pugh, J ORCID: 0000-0002-5930-4709 and Louis, J ORCID: 0000-0002-9109-0958 (2025) Different Carbohydrate Ingestion Patterns Do Not Affect Physiological Responses, Whole‐Body Substrate Oxidation or Gastrointestinal Comfort in Cycling. European Journal of Sport Science, 25 (7). ISSN 1746-1391

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Abstract

Fuelling during endurance exercise has evolved towards greater amounts of carbohydrates (CHO) ingested per hour, which can prove challenging for athletes. However, the effects of different CHO ingestion patterns during exercise have scarcely been investigated in cycling. 20 recreationally active males cycled for 180 min at lactate threshold on two occasions in a randomised counterbalanced order. Participants consumed 90 g/h of CHO, either as 22.5 g every 15 min or 45 g every 30 min (CHO-15 and CHO-30, respectively). Respiratory gases, blood glucose, lactate, heart rate, RPE and gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed every 15 min. Physiological responses showed no difference between conditions or significant interactions, except for blood glucose which saw a greater increase in CHO-15 during the first 30 min (interaction; p = 0.03). Whole body CHO and fat oxidation were not different between conditions (2.38 ± 0.37 and 2.33 ± 0.39 g/min, p = 0.25 and 0.19 ± 0.07 vs. 0.22 ± 0.08 g/min, p = 0.10 for CHO-15 and CHO-30, respectively). Subjective markers of gastrointestinal symptoms did not differ between conditions (p > 0.05) except for urge to defecate (p = 0.05); however, only 1 participant reported a score > 4 across any symptoms. Ingesting a larger CHO amount at less regular intervals during prolonged cycling had minimal impact on physiological responses to exercise, whole-body substrate oxidation and gut discomfort, allowing athletes to freely select their preferred strategy.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	0913 Mechanical Engineering; 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences; Sport Sciences; 4207 Sports science and exercise; 5201 Applied and developmental psychology
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Wiley
Date of acceptance:	29 May 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	10 June 2025
Date Deposited:	10 Jun 2025 10:58
Last Modified:	03 Jul 2025 13:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1002/ejsc.12336
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26564

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