Voyage-Based Emission Profiles and the Impact of LNG as a Marine Fuel in the Environmental Performance of Container Ships Operating on the Same Line Route

Sevgili, C ORCID: 0000-0003-3929-079X, Bayraktar, M ORCID: 0000-0001-7252-4776, Yuksel, O ORCID: 0000-0002-5728-5866 and Seyhan, A ORCID: 0000-0003-3707-6706 (2025) Voyage-Based Emission Profiles and the Impact of LNG as a Marine Fuel in the Environmental Performance of Container Ships Operating on the Same Line Route. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2564-7016

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Abstract

Growing international pressure to reduce maritime emissions has intensified the search for cleaner propulsion alternatives within the shipping industry. Focusing on six sister container ships operating transatlantic routes, this research analyses 120 real-world voyages to compare the emission profiles of conventional fuels including Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Marine Gas Oil (MGO) with alternative fuel Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Daily CO2 emissions using traditional fuels averaged 111.3 tonnes, with nitrogen dioxide (NOX) and sulphur dioxide (SOX) emissions reaching 2,659.9 kg/day and 1,690.4 kg/day, respectively. LNG usage significantly reduced CO₂ by up to 32%, NOX by 86%, SOX by 99.95%, and particulate matter (PM) by over 90% while improving overall emission intensity. However, Methane (CH4) emissions increased notably, averaging 354.2 kg/day, highlighting the need for methane slip mitigation. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) analysis revealed an average 23% reduction in climate impact with LNG. This research analyses different voyages of sister container ships on the same route to obtain realistic and comparable emission values, as well as demonstrating the impact of operational differences on emissions. Another novelty of this research is the not only calculation of emissions of N2O, CH4 and CO2 but also a range of important harmful pollutants, highlighted by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). By integrating fuel-specific emission factors and actual operational data, the study presents robust evidence supporting LNG’s role as a transitional fuel toward achieving maritime sustainability goals. These insights offer strategic guidance for ship operators, regulators, and industry stakeholders navigating the pathway to low-carbon shipping.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	41 Environmental Sciences; 4104 Environmental Management; 13 Climate Action
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Divisions:	Engineering
Publisher:	Ordu University
Date of acceptance:	11 June 2025
Date Deposited:	03 Jul 2025 12:35
Last Modified:	03 Jul 2025 12:35
DOI or ID number:	10.52998/trjmms.1669674
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26708

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