Self-consistent secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies and extragalactic foregrounds in the FLAMINGO simulations

Yang, T ORCID: 0000-0003-0670-3447, McCarthy, IG ORCID: 0000-0002-1286-483X, McCarthy, F, Bolliet, B ORCID: 0000-0003-4922-7401, Chluba, J ORCID: 0000-0003-3725-6096, Coulton, W ORCID: 0000-0002-1297-3673, Helly, JC, Schaller, M ORCID: 0000-0002-2395-4902 and Schaye, J ORCID: 0000-0002-0668-5560 Self-consistent secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies and extragalactic foregrounds in the FLAMINGO simulations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ISSN 0035-8711 (Accepted)

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Abstract

Secondary anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) contain information that can be used to test both cosmological models and models of galaxy formation. Starting from lightcone-based HEALP ix maps and catalogues, we present a new set of mock CMB maps constructed in a self-consistent manner from the FLAMINGO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, including CMB lensing, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects, cosmic infrared background, radio point source and anisotropic screening maps. We show that these simulations reproduce a wide range of observational constraints. We also compare our simulations with previous predictions based on dark matter-only simulations which generally model the secondary anisotropies independently from one another, concluding that our hydrodynamical simulation mocks perform at least as well as previous mocks in matching the observations whilst retaining self-consistency in the predictions of the different components. Using the model variations in FLAMINGO, we further explore how the signals depend on cosmology and feedback modelling, and we predict cross-correlations between some of the signals that differ significantly from those in previous mocks. The mock CMB maps should provide a valuable resource for exploring correlations between different secondary anisotropies and other large-scale structure tracers, and can be applied to forecasts for upcoming surveys.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5107 Particle and High Energy Physics; 51 Physical Sciences; 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics; 5101 Astronomical sciences; 5107 Particle and high energy physics; 5109 Space sciences
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Date of acceptance:	28 March 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access:	17 April 2026
Date Deposited:	17 Apr 2026 14:58
Last Modified:	17 Apr 2026 14:58
DOI or ID number:	10.1093/mnras/stag625
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28394

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