A Search for Successful and Choked Jets in Nearby Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae

O’Dwyer, T, Corsi, A, Yang, S, Anand, S, Cenko, SB, Srinivasaragavan, GP, Ho, AYQ, Sollerman, J, Zhou, B, Balasubramanian, A, Chang, P-W, Kamionkowski, M, Perley, D ORCID: 0000-0001-8472-1996, Laher, RR, Murase, K, Masci, FJ, Kasliwal, MM, Purdum, JN and Graham, MJ (2026) A Search for Successful and Choked Jets in Nearby Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 1002 (2). p. 194. ISSN 0004-637X

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Abstract

The observational link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and broad-lined stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) is well established. Significant progress has been made in constraining what fraction of SNe Ic-BL may power high- or low-luminosity GRBs when viewed at small off-axis angles. However, the GRB–SN connection still lacks a complete understanding in the broader context of massive-star evolution and explosion physics. Models predict a continuum of outcomes for the fastest ejecta, from choked to ultrarelativistic jets, and observations from radio to X-rays are key to probing these scenarios across a range of viewing angles and velocities. Here, we present results from a coordinated radio-to-X-ray campaign targeting nearby (z ≲ 0.1) SNe Ic-BL designed to explore this diversity. With eight new radio-monitored events and updated data for one previously observed SN, we further tighten constraints on the fraction of SNe Ic-BL as relativistic as SN 1998bw (GRB 980425). We identify SN 2024rjw as a new radio-loud event likely powered by strong interaction with circumstellar material, and add evidence supporting a similar interpretation for SN 2020jqm. We also establish new limits on the properties of radio-emitting ejecta with velocities consistent with cocoons from choked jets, highlighting SN 2022xxf as a promising cocoon-dominated candidate. These results refine our understanding of the continuum linking ordinary SNe Ic-BL, engine-driven explosions, and GRBs, and contribute to building a sample that will inform future multimessenger searches for electromagnetic counterparts to high-energy neutrinos.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5101 Astronomical Sciences; 51 Physical Sciences; 5101 Astronomical Sciences; 51 Physical Sciences; 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics; 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural); Astronomy & Astrophysics; 5101 Astronomical sciences; 5107 Particle and high energy physics; 5109 Space sciences
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	American Astronomical Society
Date of acceptance:	14 March 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access:	14 May 2026
Date Deposited:	14 May 2026 11:38
Last Modified:	14 May 2026 11:38
DOI or ID number:	10.3847/1538-4357/ae522d
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28574

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