Gene and cellular assessment of wound healing with a novel natural cocktail gel dressing: A new method for quantitative wound closure time assessment

Eshaghi-gorji, R, Mansour, RN, Soleimanifar, F, Saeedi, M, Habibi, E ORCID: 0000-0002-7367-1484, Mehdipour-chari, K ORCID: 0000-0002-4249-1915, Enderami, SE, Talebpour Amiri, F, Rahimnia, SM ORCID: 0000-0003-1499-7668, Mirzaei, M, Bageshlooyafshar, B, Melati, A and Enderami, SE ORCID: 0000-0003-4516-5944 (2026) Gene and cellular assessment of wound healing with a novel natural cocktail gel dressing: A new method for quantitative wound closure time assessment. Injury, 57 (3). ISSN 0020-1383

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Abstract

Introduction This study aimed to enhance wound healing using a novel natural cocktail gel dressing composed of purslane, human amniotic membrane (hAM), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In addition, a new ratio-based analytical approach was applied to evaluate the healing dynamics in each treatment group, revealing correlations between the healing rate and the respective treatment compound. Methods Under aseptic conditions, specific amounts of freeze-dried decellularized hAM, PRP, and hydroalcoholic extract of purslane (HAEP) powder were prepared. The study groups included hAM gel, PRP gel, HAEP gel, a cocktail gel (HAEP + PRP + hAM), and phenytoin gel (positive control). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. In vivo, seven groups were assessed on days 7, 14, and 21. Wound closure rate was analyzed via photographic imaging, and tissue samples were collected for H&E staining. Wound healing dynamics were further evaluated using 14/7-day and 21/14-day ratios. Results The cocktail gel significantly enhanced wound healing compared with other groups ( p < 0.05), improving cell migration, M2 macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis. The ratio-based analysis indicated that the cocktail group exhibited the fastest healing between days 7 and 14, while purslane and hAM groups showed superior healing between days 14 and 21. Conclusions This study introduces the use of 14/7 and 21/14-day ratios for the first time as a quantitative measure of healing progression, bridging macroscopic closure rates with underlying cellular and molecular changes. The combination of purslane, PRP, and hAM significantly accelerated healing and reduced closure time, suggesting a synergistic effect. The proposed ratio-based approach provides a more accurate evaluation of wound healing phases.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Wound healing; Human amniotic membrane; Platelet-rich plasma; Purslane; Amnion; Animals; Humans; Disease Models, Animal; Gels; Bandages; Biological Dressings; Wound Healing; Cell Movement; Male; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Human amniotic membrane; Platelet-rich plasma; Purslane; Wound healing; Wound Healing; Humans; Animals; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Bandages; Gels; Amnion; Male; Biological Dressings; Cell Movement; Disease Models, Animal; 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Wound Healing and Care; Wound Healing; Humans; Animals; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Bandages; Gels; Amnion; Male; Biological Dressings; Cell Movement; Disease Models, Animal; 1103 Clinical Sciences; 1110 Nursing; 1117 Public Health and Health Services; Orthopedics; 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences; 3202 Clinical sciences; 3203 Dentistry; 42 Health sciences
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
Date of acceptance:	26 December 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	19 June 2026
Date Deposited:	19 Jun 2026 14:51
Last Modified:	19 Jun 2026 14:51
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.injury.2026.113037
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28690

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