Battery Management System in Autonomous Surface Vehicles for Water Quality Monitoring

Mady, M, Johnson, P ORCID: 0000-0003-2379-9700 and Yanes Lui, S (2026) Battery Management System in Autonomous Surface Vehicles for Water Quality Monitoring. In: Proceedings of ICMISI2026 The 2026 International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Smart Innovation (ICMISI) . (2026 International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Smart Innovation (ICMISI 2026), 9th - 11th May 26, Alexandria, Egypt).

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Abstract

This project demonstrates the design and development of a Battery Management System (BMS) made for a 6 cell LiPo battery pack used in an Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV). The BMS architecture involves real-time voltage and current monitoring. State of Charge (SoC) is assessed using the traditional Coulomb Counting approach, The design also includes passive cell balancing to reduce cell drift and overcharging. An MSP430 microcontroller is used for data acquisition, control logic and communication. A third-order Thevenin (3RC) equivalent circuit is employed for battery modeling to represent the batteries’ dynamic responses. The BMS algorithms are executed and illustrated using Simulink. Also, a hardware PCB design was adapted in EasyEDA using the Texas Instruments BQ76930 monitor IC as the main component, which implements measurement, balancing and protection features without the need for battery modelling. The simulation results showed accurate SoC tracking with errors between 2-3% for EKF estimation and 0-1% for UKF, successful balancing of a 6-cell pack, and consistent CCCV charging performance. Compared to traditional baseline BMS implementations, the proposed design demonstrated higher estimation accuracy and shorter balancing time, making it a more efficient alternative for ASVs. This research work's goal is to provide a compact, low-power and scalable BMS solution suitable for ASV applications where efficiency and operational safety are of utmost importance.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Additional Information:	© 2026 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Engineering
Publisher:	IEEE
Date of acceptance:	15 March 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access:	13 July 2026
Date Deposited:	13 Jul 2026 10:57
Last Modified:	13 Jul 2026 10:57
DOI or ID number:	10.1109/ICMISI69868.2026.11583996
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28995

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