The experiences of three women who underwent termination of pregnancy for medical reasons: a comparative methodological study using grounded theory analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis

Sambrook, L ORCID: 0000-0002-4798-9536, Fellows, RE, Payne, E, Burgess, K, Storey, C, Oza, M, Kent-Nye, FE and Silverio, SA (2026) The experiences of three women who underwent termination of pregnancy for medical reasons: a comparative methodological study using grounded theory analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 17. ISSN 1664-0640

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Abstract

Introduction: Termination of pregnancy [ToP] for medical reasons, especially for a wanted pregnancy, is an underexplored area in public health. Women face significant emotional, psychological, and social challenges, often compounded by inconsistent policies, healthcare inequities, and societal stigma. Additionally, the decision-making process can be influenced by financial and systemic factors, with women reporting long-lasting emotional impacts and inadequate mental health support following a ToP. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three women who underwent ToP for medical reasons, for an otherwise wanted pregnancy. Data were analysed using Grounded Theory Analysis [GTA] and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis [IPA] to explore the personal experiences of women who underwent ToP, focusing on their grief, decision-making, and interactions with healthcare professionals. Results: Three key themes emerged from the GTA: (1) terminating a wanted pregnancy; (2) compassionate terminology; and (3) lasting impact. Together these led to the emergent theory of ‘A Shadow Not Shaken’. The IPA also rendered three key themes: (1) holding onto anger; (2) terminology undermines pain; and (3) advocating for self. The GTA focused mostly on the psycho-social experiences of their interactions with healthcare professionals and how this shaped their perception of their ToP, whilst the IPA provided an understanding of how these interactions were experienced. Discussion: This study highlights the emotional impact and lasting effects of ToP for medical reasons. It emphasises the need for compassionate, empathetic care from healthcare professionals to reduce stigma and psychological distress. Healthcare providers should prioritise emotional support and clear communication. Future research should explore how these results apply to diverse contexts, aiming to improve care and reduce stigma for women undergoing ToP. Clinical practice should reflect how the relationship between women and healthcare professionals is crucial, and account for the current lack of empathetic care, adequate emotional support, and ongoing stigma relating to ToP. The study also provides further evidence for the value of using dual-methodology qualitative approaches.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	abortion; grounded theory analysis; interpretative phenomenological analysis; mothers; perinatal bereavement; qualitative research; termination of pregnancy; women; PUDDLES UK Collaboration; abortion; grounded theory analysis; interpretative phenomenological analysis; mothers; perinatal bereavement; qualitative research; termination of pregnancy; women; 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; 3202 Clinical Sciences; Social Determinants of Health; Women's Health; Clinical Research; Behavioral and Social Science; Mental Health; Basic Behavioral and Social Science; 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services; 7.1 Individual care needs; 7.3 Management and decision making; Generic health relevance; 3 Good Health and Well Being; 1103 Clinical Sciences; 1117 Public Health and Health Services; 1701 Psychology; 3202 Clinical sciences
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RG Gynecology and obstetrics
Divisions:	Psychology (from Sep 2019)
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
Date of acceptance:	25 May 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access:	5 August 2026
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 10:34
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 10:42
DOI or ID number:	10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1840970
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29106

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