Simulating Evacuation on Inclined Offshore Platforms with an Improved Social Force Model

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Wang, Y, Ma, Z, Li, F and Wang, J orcid iconORCID: 0000-0003-4646-9106 (2026) Simulating Evacuation on Inclined Offshore Platforms with an Improved Social Force Model. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 14 (2). ISSN 2077-1312

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Abstract

Offshore platforms are particularly vulnerable to inclination or capsizing during extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, high waves, and powerful currents. These scenarios pose significant risks to offshore employees, making efficient evacuation strategies crucial. This study investigates evacuation processes on inclined offshore platforms, considering heel angles from 0° to 20° and trim angles from −20° to 20°, focusing on how platform inclination affects evacuation speed and overall evacuation time. To improve simulation accuracy, an Improved Social Force Model is proposed, incorporating both inclination-induced forces and attraction forces to better represent evacuation dynamics on inclined platforms. Simulation results indicate that evacuation time increases significantly when inclination angles exceed 15°, with longitudinal forces having a greater impact on stairway evacuations compared to heel forces. The findings offer valuable guidance for improving evacuation protocols on inclined offshore platforms.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: offshore platform; inclination; offshore employee evacuation; improved social force model; 4015 Maritime Engineering; 40 Engineering; 0405 Oceanography; 0704 Fisheries Sciences; 0911 Maritime Engineering; 3005 Fisheries sciences; 3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience; 4015 Maritime engineering
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Divisions: Civil Engineering and Built Environment
Publisher: MDPI
Date of acceptance: 7 January 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access: 5 August 2026
Date Deposited: 05 Aug 2026 14:20
Last Modified: 05 Aug 2026 14:20
DOI or ID number: 10.3390/jmse14020155
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29114
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