Advances and perspectives in use of semisolid formulations for photodynamic methods

Ziental, D, Czarczynska-Goslinska, B, Wysocki, M ORCID: 0000-0003-3585-2716, Ptaszek, M and Sobotta, Ł (2024) Advances and perspectives in use of semisolid formulations for photodynamic methods. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 204. pp. 1-26. ISSN 0939-6411

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Abstract

Although nearly 30 years have passed since the introduction of the first clinically approved photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, progress in developing new pharmaceutical formulations remains unsatisfactory. This review highlights that despite years of research, many recurring challenges and issues remain unresolved. The paper includes an analysis of selected essential studies involving aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, as well as other photosensitizers with potential for development as medical products. Among various possible vehicles, special attention is given to gelatin, alginates, poly(ethylene oxide), polyacrylic acid, and chitosan. The focus is particularly on infectious and cancerous diseases. Key aspects of developing new semi-solid drug forms should prioritize the creation of easily manufacturable and biocompatible preparations for clinical use. At the same time, new formulations should preserve the primary function of photosensitizers, which is the generation of reactive oxygen species capable of destroying pathogenic cells or tumors. Additionally, the use of adjuvant properties of carriers, which can enhance the effectiveness of macrocycles, is emphasized, especially in chitosan-based antibacterial formulations. Current research indicates that many promising dyes and macrocyclic compounds with high potential as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy remain unexplored in formulation and development work. This review outlines potential new and previously explored pathways for advancing photosensitizers as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Photodynamic therapy; Semi-solid dosage; aPDT; PACT; Animals; Humans; Neoplasms; Aminolevulinic Acid; Photosensitizing Agents; Drug Carriers; Photochemotherapy; Drug Compounding; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; PACT; Photodynamic therapy; Semi-solid dosage; aPDT; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Humans; Animals; Drug Compounding; Drug Carriers; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Neoplasms; Aminolevulinic Acid; 3206 Medical Biotechnology; 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; 3 Good Health and Well Being; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Humans; Animals; Drug Compounding; Drug Carriers; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Neoplasms; Aminolevulinic Acid; 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; 3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date of acceptance:	4 September 2024
Date of first compliant Open Access:	14 September 2026
Date Deposited:	14 Sep 2026 14:00
Last Modified:	14 Sep 2026 14:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114485
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29402

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