Axially Disubstituted Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanine as a Potent Sensitizer for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Photo and Sonodynamic Therapy

Wysocki, M; Ziental, D; Biyiklioglu, Z; Jozkowiak, M; Dlugaszewska, J; Piotrowska-Kempisty, H; Güzel, E; Sobotta, L

Axially Disubstituted Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanine as a Potent Sensitizer for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Photo and Sonodynamic Therapy

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Wysocki, M ORCID: 0000-0003-3585-2716, Ziental, D ORCID: 0000-0002-4923-9982, Biyiklioglu, Z ORCID: 0000-0001-5138-214X, Jozkowiak, M, Dlugaszewska, J ORCID: 0000-0002-2192-3715, Piotrowska-Kempisty, H, Güzel, E ORCID: 0000-0002-1142-3936 and Sobotta, L ORCID: 0000-0002-5062-4503 (2025) Axially Disubstituted Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanine as a Potent Sensitizer for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Photo and Sonodynamic Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26 (15). ISSN 1661-6596

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Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157447

Abstract

The unique properties of phthalocyanines (Pcs), such as strong absorption, high photostability, effective singlet oxygen generation, low toxicity and biocompatibility, versatile chemical modifications, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and synergistic effects with other treatment modalities, make them a preferred superior sensitizer in the field of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. The photodynamic and sonodynamic activity of 3-(3-(diethylamino)phenoxy)propanoxy substituted silicon(IV) Pc were evaluated against bacteria and cancer cells. Stability and singlet oxygen generation upon light irradiation and ultrasound (1 MHz, 3 W) were assessed with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran. The phthalocyanine revealed high photostability in DMF and DMSO, although the singlet oxygen yields under light irradiation were low. On the other hand, the phthalocyanine revealed excellent sonostability and caused a high rate of DPBF degradation upon excitation by ultrasounds at 1 MHz. The silicon phthalocyanine presented significant bacterial reduction growth, up to 5 log against MRSA and S. epidermidis upon light excitation, whereas the sonodynamic effect was negligible. The phthalocyanine revealed high activity in both photodynamic and sonodynamic manner toward hypopharyngeal tumor (FaDu, 95% and 42% reduction, respectively) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25, 96% and 62% reduction, respectively). The sensitizer showed ca. 30% aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition in various concentrations and up to 85% platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase for 0.25 μM, while protease-activated protein C was stimulated up to 66% for 0.75 μM.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	phthalocyanine; sensitizer; antimicrobial; photodynamic therapy; sonodynamic; therapy; bacteria; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Singlet Oxygen; Organosilicon Compounds; Indoles; Antineoplastic Agents; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photochemotherapy; Ultrasonic Therapy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Isoindoles; antimicrobial; bacteria; photodynamic therapy; phthalocyanine; sensitizer; sonodynamic; therapy; Indoles; Humans; Isoindoles; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Organosilicon Compounds; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Ultrasonic Therapy; Singlet Oxygen; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; 3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology; 31 Biological Sciences; 3404 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry; 34 Chemical Sciences; 3107 Microbiology; Rare Diseases; Cancer; Bioengineering; Indoles; Humans; Isoindoles; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Organosilicon Compounds; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Ultrasonic Therapy; Singlet Oxygen; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; 0399 Other Chemical Sciences; 0604 Genetics; 0699 Other Biological Sciences; Chemical Physics; 3101 Biochemistry and cell biology; 3107 Microbiology; 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	MDPI
Date of acceptance:	29 July 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	14 September 2026
Date Deposited:	14 Sep 2026 14:17
Last Modified:	14 Sep 2026 14:17
DOI or ID number:	10.3390/ijms26157447
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29404

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