Flavonoids and related compounds targeting pathomechanisms of Parkinson's Disease – from bench to bedside: A focused review of current perspectives, clinical trial outcomes, and future directions

Figura, M and Fatokun, AA ORCID: 0000-0001-5183-7589 (2025) Flavonoids and related compounds targeting pathomechanisms of Parkinson's Disease – from bench to bedside: A focused review of current perspectives, clinical trial outcomes, and future directions. Phytomedicine Plus, 5 (4). p. 100861. ISSN 2667-0313

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Abstract

Background: The pathomechanisms of Parkinson's Disease (PD) remain incompletely understood. Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Disease-modifying strategies are still being investigated. Flavonoids are suggested to be able to influence the neurodegenerative process, but clinical evidence is limited. Purpose: This review explored current, key pre-clinical but mainly clinical evidence for the potential of flavonoids and related compounds in treating PD. Study design and Methods: Retrospective analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov registry was performed with terms “Parkinson disease” and “parkinsonism”. For trials marked as “completed”, the results were searched in both the “ClinicalTrials” Database and PubMed. PubMed was also searched to identify original papers and meta-analyses of the effects of flavonoid intake in PD patients. Results: 2810 interventional studies were identified in the ClinicalTrials registry (www.ClinicalTrials.gov). A total of 18 trials were registered, with only 5 of them published as a full text article. Data from preclinical studies showed the promising effects of flavonoids in PD models. Animal studies data and data on flavonoids’ beneficial effects in population-based studies further confirmed their potential in reducing the risk of PD. However, a single, most efficacious flavonoid has yet to be identified. Conclusion: Current evidence, including from epidemiological studies, suggests that diets rich in flavonoids can improve the course of PD. However, clinical trials data to date, which are quite limited, indicate no routine supplementation with flavonoids has proven useful so far in the specific context of eliciting neuroprotection as a primary outcome. More robust preclinical studies followed by more clinical trials are needed to generate sufficient and reliable data.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	3206 Medical Biotechnology; 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Neurodegenerative; Nutrition; Complementary and Integrative Health; Dietary Supplements; Clinical Research; Brain Disorders; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease; Aging; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Neurological
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date of acceptance:	5 May 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	14 September 2026
Date Deposited:	14 Sep 2026 14:47
Last Modified:	14 Sep 2026 14:47
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100861
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29407

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