Coexistence Analysis of 5G C-Band Indoor Deployments and Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) in Malaysia

Al-Jumaily, A, Khalaf, Q, Abbas, M, Hussein, Y, Jiménez, V, Sali, A, Aljumaili, S and Al-Jumeily, D ORCID: 0000-0002-9170-0568 (2026) Coexistence Analysis of 5G C-Band Indoor Deployments and Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) in Malaysia. F1000Research, 15. pp. 1-26. ISSN 2051-7599

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Abstract

Several satellite services, including the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), rely on the C-Band (3. 4–4. 2 GHz), which provides wide coverage and high availability despite weather effects. As a mid-band spectrum ideal for 5G, its allocation to cellular networks raises interference concerns, potentially disrupting satellite services and causing a significant economic impact. This paper presents a 5G propagation model and an interference investigation with 5G cellular networks operating below the 6 GHz band in the optimization of exclusion zones for 5G and FSS coexistence scenarios. To fine-tune the exclusion zone and identify better conditions between 5G and FSS. We provide an extensive 5G-cellular downlink analysis that considers potential Low-Noise Block (LNB) saturation at the FSS Earth station receiver. Moreover, we put new 5G network-based cellular networks into practice. Prior to the power signal transmission ceasing the network, high-antenna receivers were employed in both indoor and outdoor settings at various locations using the 5G base station transmitter to receive signal input from inside the proposed location. Additionally, a spectrum analyzer was used to examine the power signal received in contrast to the data signal acquired for the proposed projects. According to the findings of this study, spectrum regulators and other pertinent stakeholders will be impacted by the possible deployment of 5G cellular networks in C-band operating FSS Earth station receivers. The study also suggests and assesses strategies that might be used to encourage the coexistence of both systems, such as turning off important emitters or reducing their transmission capacity.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5G NR (New Radio) frequencies; C-Band; Fixed Satellite Service (FSS); Indoors measurements; Malaysia; Satellite Communications; Wireless Technology; 4613 Theory Of Computation; 40 Engineering; 46 Information and Computing Sciences; 4006 Communications Engineering; 4606 Distributed Computing and Systems Software; 4613 Theory Of Computation; 40 Engineering; 46 Information and Computing Sciences; 4006 Communications Engineering; 4606 Distributed Computing and Systems Software; 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology; 1103 Clinical Sciences; 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions:	Computer Science and Mathematics
Publisher:	F1000 Research Ltd
Date of acceptance:	11 June 2026
Date of first compliant Open Access:	15 September 2026
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2026 10:35
Last Modified:	15 Sep 2026 10:35
DOI or ID number:	10.12688/f1000research.175496.1
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29427

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