Sabino, CP, Wainwright, M, Dos Anjos, C, Sellera, FP, Baptista, MS, Lincopan, N and Ribeiro, MS (2019) Inactivation Kinetics and Lethal Dose Analysis of Antimicrobial Blue Light and Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. ISSN 1873-1597

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been long used to treat localized tumors and infections. Currently, microbial inactivation data is reported presenting survival fraction averages and standard errors as discrete points instead of a continuous curve of inactivation kinetics. Standardization of this approach would allow clinical protocols to be introduced globally, instead of the piecemeal situation which currently applies. METHODS: To this end, we used a power-law function to fit inactivation kinetics and directly report values of lethal doses (LD) and a tolerance factor (T) that informs if inactivation rate varies along the irradiation procedure. A deduced formula was also tested to predict LD for any given survival fraction value. We analyzed the photoantimicrobial effect caused by red light activation of methylene blue (MB-APDT) and by blue light (BL) activation of endogenous microbial pigments against 5 clinically relevant pathogens. RESULTS: Following MB- APDT, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cells become increasingly more tolerant to inactivation along the irradiation process (T < 1). Klebsiella pneumoniae presents opposite behavior, i.e., more inactivation is observed towards the end of the process (T > 1). P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans present constant inactivation rate (T˜1). In contrast, all bacterial species presented similar behavior during inactivation caused by BL, i.e., continuously becoming more sensitive to blue light exposure (T > 1). CONCLUSION: The power-law function successfully fit all experimental data. Our proposed method precisely predicted LD and T values. We expect that these analytical models may contribute to more standardized methods for comparisons of photodynamic inactivation efficiencies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bacteria; fungi; microbial control; photoantimicrobial; photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy; photoinactivation
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Divisions:	Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier
Related URLs:	Author
Date Deposited:	03 Sep 2019 11:33
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2021 08:56
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.022
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/11269

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