Facial reconstruction

Search LJMU Research Online

Browse Repository | Browse E-Theses

Dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine lowers tyrosinaemia associated with nitisinone therapy of alkaptonuria.

Hughes, JH, Wilson, PJM, Sutherland, H, Judd, S, Hughes, AT, Milan, AM, Jarvis, JC, Bou-Gharios, G, Ranganath, LR and Gallagher, JA (2020) Dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine lowers tyrosinaemia associated with nitisinone therapy of alkaptonuria. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. pp. 1-10. ISSN 0141-8955

[img]
Preview
Text
Dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine lowers tyrosinemia associated with nitisinone therapy of alkaptonuria.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.

Download (2MB) | Preview

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alkaptonuria (AKU) is caused by homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase deficiency that leads to homogentisic acid (HGA) accumulation, ochronosis and severe osteoarthropathy. Recently, nitisinone treatment, which blocks HGA formation, has been effective in AKU patients. However, a consequence of nitisinone is elevated tyrosine that can cause keratopathy. The effect of tyrosine and phenylalanine dietary restriction was investigated in nitisinone-treated AKU mice, and in an observational study of dietary intervention in AKU patients. METHODS: Nitisinone-treated AKU mice were fed tyrosine/phenylalanine-free and phenylalanine-free diets with phenylalanine supplementation in drinking water. Tyrosine metabolites were measured pre-nitisinone, post-nitisinone, and after dietary restriction. Subsequently an observational study was undertaken in 10 patients attending the National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC), with tyrosine >700μmol/L who had been advised to restrict dietary protein intake and where necessary, to use tyrosine/phenylalanine-free amino acid supplements. RESULTS: Elevated tyrosine (813μmol/L) was significantly reduced in nitisinone-treated AKU mice fed a tyrosine/phenylalanine-free diet in a dose responsive manner. At 3 days of restriction, tyrosine was 389.3μmol/L, 274.8μmol/L and 144.3μmol/L with decreasing phenylalanine doses. In contrast, tyrosine was not effectively reduced in mice by a phenylalanine-free diet; at 3 days tyrosine was 757.3μmol/L, 530.2μmol/L and 656.2μmol/L, with no dose response to phenylalanine supplementation. In NAC patients, tyrosine was significantly reduced (p=0.002) when restricting dietary protein alone, and when combined with tyrosine/phenylalanine-free amino acid supplementation; 4 out of 10 patients achieved tyrosine <700μmol/L. CONCLUSION: Tyrosine/phenylalanine dietary restriction significantly reduced nitisinone-induced tyrosinaemia in mice, with phenylalanine restriction alone proving ineffective. Similarly, protein restriction significantly reduced circulating tyrosine in AKU patients.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: 1103 Clinical Sciences
Subjects: Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology
Q Science > QH Natural history > QH426 Genetics
Q Science > QP Physiology
R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Divisions: Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Related URLs:
Date Deposited: 29 Jan 2020 15:21
Last Modified: 04 Sep 2021 08:01
DOI or ID number: 10.1002/jimd.12172
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/12143
View Item View Item