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Claassen, JAHR, Thijssen, DHJ, Panerai, RB and Faraci, FM (2021) REGULATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN HUMANS: PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AUTOREGULATION. Physiological Reviews. ISSN 1522-1210
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REGULATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN HUMANS PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AUTOREGULATION..pdf - Accepted Version Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure, 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)], 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans), and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the inter-relationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 06 Biological Sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine |
| Divisions: | Sport & Exercise Sciences |
| Publisher: | American Physiological Society |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Mar 2021 08:58 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Mar 2022 00:50 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14708 |
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