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ZTF20aajnksq (AT 2020blt): A Fast Optical Transient at z 2.9 with No Detected Gamma-Ray Burst Counterpart

Ho, AYQ, Perley, DA, Beniamini, P, Cenko, SB, Kulkarni, SR, Andreoni, I, Singer, LP, De, K, Kasliwal, MM, Fremling, C, Bellm, EC, Dekany, R, Delacroix, A, Duev, DA, Goldstein, DA, Golkhou, VZ, Goobar, A, Graham, MJ, Hale, D, Kupfer, T , Laher, RR, Masci, FJ, Miller, AA, Neill, JD, Riddle, R, Rusholme, B, Shupe, DL, Smith, R, Sollerman, J and van Roestel, J (2020) ZTF20aajnksq (AT 2020blt): A Fast Optical Transient at z 2.9 with No Detected Gamma-Ray Burst Counterpart. Astrophysical Journal, 905 (2). ISSN 0004-637X

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Abstract

We present ZTF20aajnksq (AT 2020blt), a fast-fading (Δr = 2.3 mag in Δt = 1.3 days) red (g − r ≈ 0.6 mag) and luminous (M1626 Å = −25.9 mag) optical transient at z = 2.9 discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). AT 2020blt shares several features in common with afterglows to long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs): (1) an optical light curve well-described by a broken power law with a break at tj = 1 d (observer frame); (2) a luminous (L0.3–10 KeV = 1046 erg s−1) X-ray counterpart; and (3) luminous (L10 GHz = 4 × 1031 erg s−1 Hz−1) radio emission. However, no GRB was detected in the 0.74 days between the last ZTF nondetection (r > 21.36 mag) and the first ZTF detection (r = 19.60 mag), with an upper limit on the isotropic-equivalent gamma-ray energy release of Eγ,iso < 7 × 1052 erg. AT 2020blt is thus the third afterglow-like transient discovered without a detected GRB counterpart (after PTF11agg and ZTF19abvizsw) and the second (after ZTF19abvizsw) with a redshift measurement. We conclude that the properties of AT 2020blt are consistent with a classical (initial Lorentz factor Γ0 gsim 100) on-axis GRB that was missed by high-energy satellites. Furthermore, by estimating the rate of transients with light curves similar to that of AT 2020blt in ZTF high-cadence data, we agree with previous results that there is no evidence for an afterglow-like phenomenon that is significantly more common than classical GRBs, such as dirty fireballs. We conclude by discussing the status and future of fast-transient searches in wide-field high-cadence optical surveys.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions: Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher: American Astronomical Society; IOP Publishing
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Date Deposited: 30 Mar 2021 11:18
Last Modified: 17 Dec 2021 00:50
DOI or ID number: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc34d
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14720
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