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Barrett, J, Whytock, KL, Strauss, JA, Wagenmakers, AJM and Shepherd, SO (2022) High intramuscular triglyceride turnover rates and the link to insulin sensitivity: Influence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and physical activity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. ISSN 1715-5320
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Barrett_2022_APNM_IMTG Turnover & Insulin Sensitivity.pdf - Accepted Version Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Large intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) stores in sedentary, obese individuals have been linked to insulin resistance, yet well-trained athletes exhibit high IMTG levels whilst maintaining insulin sensitivity. Contrary to previous assumptions, it is now known that IMTG content per se does not result in insulin resistance. Rather, insulin resistance is caused, at least in part, by the presence of high concentrations of harmful lipid metabolites, such as diacylglycerols and ceramides in muscle. Several mechanistic differences between obese sedentary individuals and their highly-trained counterparts have been identified, that determine the differential capacity for IMTG synthesis and breakdown in these populations. In this review, we first describe the most up-to-date mechanisms by which a low IMTG turnover rate (both breakdown and synthesis) leads to the accumulation of lipid metabolites and results in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We then explore current and potential exercise and nutritional strategies which target IMTG turnover in sedentary obese individuals, to improve insulin sensitivity. Overall, improving IMTG turnover should be an important component of successful interventions which aim to prevent the development of insulin resistance in the ever-expanding sedentary, overweight and obese populations. Novelty Bullet points • A description of the most up-to-date mechanisms regulating turnover of the IMTG pool. • An exploration of current and potential exercise/nutritional strategies to target and enhance IMTG turnover in obese individuals • Overall, highlights the importance of improving IMTG turnover to prevent the development of insulin resistance.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 06 Biological Sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine |
| Divisions: | Sport & Exercise Sciences |
| Publisher: | NRC Research Press |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Feb 2022 09:51 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Feb 2022 10:00 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1139/apnm-2021-0631 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16197 |
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