Tools
Tools
Shams, F, Abbas, A, Khan, W, Khan, US and Nawaz, R (2021) A death, infection, and recovery (DIR) model to forecast the COVID-19 spread. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 2. ISSN 2666-9900
|
Text
A death, infection, and recovery (DIR) model to forecast the COVID-19 spread..pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background: The SARS-Cov-2 virus (commonly known as COVID-19) has resulted in substantial casualties in many countries. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in China towards the end of 2019. Cases started to appear in several other countries (including Pakistan) by February 2020. To analyze the spreading pattern of the disease, several researchers used the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model. However, the classical SIR model cannot predict the death rate. Objective: In this article, we present a Death-Infection-Recovery (DIR) model to forecast the virus spread over a window of one (minimum) to fourteen (maximum) days. Our model captures the dynamic behavior of the virus and can assist authorities in making decisions on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), like travel restrictions, lockdowns, etc. Method: The size of training dataset used was 134 days. The Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was implemented using XLSTAT (add-in for Microsoft Excel), whereas the SIR and the proposed DIR model was implemented using python programming language. We compared the performance of DIR model with the SIR model and the ARIMA model by computing the Percentage Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results: Experimental results demonstrate that the maximum% error in predicting the number of deaths, infections, and recoveries for a period of fourteen days using the DIR model is only 2.33%, using ARIMA model is 10.03% and using SIR model is 53.07%. Conclusion: This percentage of error obtained in forecasting using DIR model is significantly less than the% error of the compared models. Moreover, the MAPE of the DIR model is sufficiently below the two compared models that indicates its effectiveness.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | COVID-19; Forecasting model; Time-series model, Death rate, DIR model |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine T Technology > T Technology (General) |
| Divisions: | Computer Science & Mathematics |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2022 11:57 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Feb 2022 12:00 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1016/j.cmpbup.2021.100047 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16230 |
 |
View Item |