Bricca, A, Swithenbank, Z, Scott, N, Treweek, S, Johnston, M, Black, N, Hartmann-Boyce, J, West, R, Michie, S and de Bruin, M (2021) Predictors of recruitment and retention in randomized controlled trials of behavioural smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Addiction, 117 (2). pp. 299-311. ISSN 0965-2140

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Abstract

Aim: To investigate predictors of participant eligibility, recruitment and retention in behavioural randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for smoking cessation. Method: Systematic review and pre-specified meta-regression analysis of behavioural RCTs for smoking cessation including adult (≥ 18-year-old) smokers. The pre-specified predictors were identified through a literature review and experts’ consultation and included participant, trial and intervention characteristics and recruitment and retention strategies. Outcome measures included eligibility rates (proportion of people eligible for the trials), recruitment rates, retention rates and differential retention rates. Results: A total of 172 RCTs with 89 639 participants. Eligibility [median 57.6%; interquartile range (IQR) = 34.7–83.7], recruitment (median 66.4%; IQR = 42.7–85.2) and retention rates (median 80.5%; IQR = 68.5–89.5) varied considerably across studies. For eligibility rates, the recruitment strategy appeared not to be associated with eligibility rates. For recruitment rates, use of indirect recruitment strategies (e.g. public announcements) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.11–0.82] and self-help interventions (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03–0.67) were associated with lower recruitment rates. For retention rates, higher retention was seen if the sample had ongoing physical health condition/s (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.63), whereas lower retention was seen amongst primarily female samples (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.98) and those motivated to quit smoking (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55–0.99) when indirect recruitment methods were used (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.38–0.97) and at longer follow-up assessments (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.79–0.87). For differential retention, higher retention in the intervention group occurred when the intervention but not comparator group received financial incentives for smoking cessation (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.77). Conclusions: In randomized controlled trials of behavioural smoking cessation interventions, recruitment and retention rates appear to be higher for smoking cessation interventions that include a person-to-person rather than at-a-distance contact; male participants, smokers with chronic conditions, smokers not initially motivated to quit and shorter follow-up assessments seems to be associated with improved retention; financial incentive interventions improve retention in groups receiving them relative to comparison groups.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Behaviour change techniques; differential attrition; randomised controlled trials; recruitment; retention; smoking cessation; ATTRITION; SMOKERS; PARTICIPANT; Humans; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Motivation; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Male; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Behaviour change techniques; differential attrition; randomised controlled trials; recruitment; retention; smoking cessation; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Abuse; 11 Medical and Health Sciences; 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine > RA0440 Study and Teaching. Research
Divisions:	Public Health Institute
Publisher:	Wiley
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	25 May 2022 09:28
Last Modified:	25 May 2022 09:30
DOI or ID number:	10.1111/add.15614
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16932

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