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A Sustainable Cold Mix Asphalt Mixture Comprising Paper Sludge Ash and Cement Kiln Dust

Dulaimi, AF, Al-Busaltan, S, Kadhim, MA, Al-Khafaji, R, Sadique, MM, Al Nageim, H, Ibrahem, RK, Awrejcewicz, J, Pawłowski, W and Mahdi, JM (2022) A Sustainable Cold Mix Asphalt Mixture Comprising Paper Sludge Ash and Cement Kiln Dust. Sustainability, 14 (16).

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Open Access URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610253 (Published version)

Abstract

Concerns about the environment, the cost of energy, and safety mean that low-energy cold-mix asphalt materials are very interesting as a potential replacement for present-day hot mix asphalt. The main disadvantage of cold bituminous emulsion mixtures is their poor early life strength, meaning they require a long time to achieve mature strength. This research work aims to study the protentional utilization of waste and by-product materials as a filler in cold emulsion mixtures with mechanical properties comparable to those of traditional hot mix asphalt. Accordingly, cold mix asphalt was prepared to utilize paper sludge ash (PSA) and cement kiln dust (CKD) as a substitution for conventional mineral filler with percentages ranging from 0–6% and 0–4%, respectively. Test results have shown that the incorporation of such waste materials reflected a significant improvement in the mixture’s stiffness and strength evolution. The cementitious reactivity of PSA produces bonding inside the mixtures, while CKD is used as an additive to activate the hydration process of PSA. Therefore, based on the results, it will be easier to build cold mixtures by shortening the amount of time needed to reach full curing conditions.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: 12 Built Environment and Design
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TH Building construction
Divisions: Civil Engineering & Built Environment
Publisher: MDPI AG
SWORD Depositor: A Symplectic
Date Deposited: 21 Sep 2022 10:52
Last Modified: 21 Sep 2022 11:00
DOI or ID number: 10.3390/su141610253
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/17643
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