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Van Hout, MC, Fleißner, S and Stöver, H (2022) “Women’s right to health in detention”: United Nations Committee observations since the adoption of the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (‘Bangkok Rules’). Journal of Human Rights Practice. ISSN 1757-9619
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Abstract
Approximately 11.7 million people are detained globally, with an observed rise in the female prison population in recent years. A range of human rights treaties, and non-binding minimum standards of care (2016 Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules), 2010 Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules)) protect the rights of prisoners. States however have discretion in defining humane treatment and adequate medical care in detention settings. In this Review Essay, we focus on the right to health of detained women based on an environment conducive to adequate health, and access to gender-responsive, non-discriminatory health care in detention equivalent to that in the community. We scrutinized all United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and Committee against Torture Concluding Observations published since 2010, and provide a global illustration of health rights violations of women’s in detention settings to date. We document the inadequate accommodation and standards of detention of women, and inadequate access to health-care services whilst detained, particularly relating to HIV and reproductive health, and mental health and drug dependence treatment in some countries. Health rights violations reflect 39 countries and are presented as; the United Nations Committee description of their concern pertaining to a country’s treatment of women in detention; and collectively in terms of the particular Bangkok Rule (5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14- 16, 34, 35, 48 and 51). Our investigation raises general questions around the continued lack of resourcing of female detention settings and gender-responsive healthcare programming, the lack of data and advocacy on behalf of detained women, and the lack of routine scrutiny of the unique health rights assurances of women within independent monitoring and inspection in detention settings all over the world.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 1605 Policy and Administration; 1606 Political Science; 1801 Law |
| Subjects: | J Political Science > JA Political science (General) J Political Science > JX International law R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology > HV8301 Penology. Prisons. Corrections |
| Divisions: | Public Health Institute |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
| SWORD Depositor: | A Symplectic |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Sep 2022 08:02 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Nov 2022 11:30 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1093/jhuman/huac058 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/17683 |
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