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Green, L, Ashton, K, Bellis, M, Clements, T and Douglas, M (2022) Predicted and observed impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns: two Health Impact Assessments in Scotland and Wales. Health Promotion International, 37 (6). ISSN 0957-4824
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Predicted and observed impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns two Health Impact Assessments in Scotland and Wales.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (458kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Health Impact Assessment is a key approach used internationally to identify positive or negative impacts of policies, plans and proposals on health and well-being. In 2020, HIAs were undertaken in Scotland and Wales to identify the potential health and well-being impacts of the 'stay at home' and physical distancing measures implemented at the start of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. There is sparse evidence evaluating whether the impacts predicted in HIAs occur following policy implementation. This paper evaluates the impacts anticipated in the COVID-19 HIAs against actual observed trends. The processes undertaken were compared and predicted impacts were tabulated by population groups and main determinants of health. Routine data and literature evidence were collated to compare predicted and observed impacts. Nearly all health impacts anticipated in both HIAs have occurred in the direction predicted. There have been significant adverse impacts through multiple direct and indirect pathways including loss of income, social isolation, disruption to education and services, and psychosocial effects. This research demonstrates the value of prediction in impact assessment and fills a gap in the literature by comparing the predicted impacts identified within the HIAs with observed trends. Post-COVID-19 recovery should centre health and well-being within future policies and decisions. Processes like HIA can support this as part of a 'health in all policies' approach to improve the health and well-being of populations.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Humans; Communicable Disease Control; Wales; Policy; Health Impact Assessment; COVID-19; COVID-19; Health Impact Assessments; evaluation; social determinants of health; Humans; Health Impact Assessment; Wales; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Policy; 1117 Public Health and Health Services; 1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy; Public Health |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Public Health Institute |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press (OUP) |
| SWORD Depositor: | A Symplectic |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Dec 2022 09:34 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jan 2023 08:34 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1093/heapro/daac134 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/18445 |
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