Willems, LH, Thijssen, DHJ, Groh, LA, Kooijman, NI, Ten Cate, H, Spronk, HMH, Donders, ART, van der Vijver-Coppen, RJ, van Hoek, F, Nagy, M, Reijnen, MMPJ and Warlé, MC (2022) Dual pathway inhibition as compared to acetylsalicylic acid monotherapy in relation to endothelial function in peripheral artery disease, a phase IV clinical trial. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. ISSN 2297-055X

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Abstract

Objective: Dual pathway inhibition (DPI) by combining acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) with low-dose rivaroxaban has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) when compared to ASA monotherapy. A potential explanation is that inhibition of factor Xa improves endothelial function through crosstalk between coagulation and inflammatory pathways, subsequently attenuating the occurrence of cardiovascular events. We hypothesize that the addition of rivaroxaban to ASA in PAD patients leads to improved endothelial function. Design: An investigator-initiated, multicentre trial investigating the effect of DPI on endothelial function. Methods: Patients, diagnosed with PAD, were enrolled in two cohorts: cohort A (Rutherford I-III) and cohort B (Rutherford IV-VI). Participants received ASA monotherapy for a 4-weeks run-in period, followed by 12 weeks of DPI. Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction were studied by measuring carotid artery reactivity upon sympathetic stimulus and by measuring plasma endothelin-1 concentrations, respectively. All measurements were performed during the use of ASA (baseline) and after 12 weeks of DPI. Results: 159 PAD patients (111 cohort A, 48 cohort B) were enrolled. Twenty patients discontinued study drugs early. Carotid artery constriction upon sympathetic stimulation at baseline (ASA) and after 12 weeks of DPI was similar in the total group, 22.0 vs. 22.7% (p = 1.000), and in the subgroups (Cohort A 22.6 vs. 23.7%, p = 1.000; cohort B 20.5 vs. 20.5%, p = 1.000), respectively. The mean concentration of plasma endothelin-1 at baseline and after 12 weeks of DPI did not differ, 1.70 ± 0.5 vs. 1.66 ± 0.64 pmol/L (p = 0.440) in the total group, 1.69 ± 0.59 vs. 1.62 ± 0.55 pmol/L in cohort A (p = 0.202), and 1.73 ± 0.53 vs. 1.77 ± 0.82 pmol/L in cohort B (p = 0.682), respectively. Conclusion: Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction, as reflected by carotid artery reactivity and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations, are not influenced in PAD patients by addition of low-dose rivaroxaban to ASA monotherapy for 12 weeks. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04218656.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	aspirin; endothelial cells; factor Xa inhibitors; peripheral arterial disease; rivaroxaban; vascular endothelium
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GV Recreation Leisure > GV561 Sports
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Frontiers Media SA
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	09 Jan 2023 12:17
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2023 14:28
DOI or ID number:	10.3389/fcvm.2022.979819
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/18559

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