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Patel, M, Gompertz, BP, O’Brien, PT, Lamb, GP, Starling, RLC, Evans, PA, Amati, L, Levan, AJ, Nicholl, M, Ackley, K, Dyer, MJ, Lyman, J, Ulaczyk, K, Steeghs, D, Galloway, DK, Dhillon, VS, Ramsay, G, Noysena, K, Kotak, R, Breton, RP , Nuttall, LK, Pallé, E and Pollacco, D GRB 201015A and the nature of low-luminosity soft gamma-ray bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ISSN 0035-8711 (Accepted)
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Abstract
GRB 201015A is a peculiarly low luminosity, spectrally soft gamma-ray burst (GRB), with T90 = 9.8 ± 3.5 s (time interval of detection of 90 % of photons from the GRB), and an associated supernova (likely to be type Ic or Ic-BL). GRB 201015A has an isotropic energy $E_{\gamma , \rm iso}$$= 1.75 ^{+0.60} _{-0.53} \times 10^{50}$ erg, and photon index $\Gamma = 3.00 ^{+0.50} _{-0.42}$ (15–150 keV). It follows the Amati relation, a correlation between $E_{\gamma , \rm iso}$ and spectral peak energy Ep followed by long GRBs. It appears exceptionally soft based on Γ, the hardness ratio of HR = 0.47 ± 0.24, and low-Ep, so we have compared it to other GRBs sharing these properties. These events can be explained by shock breakout, poorly collimated jets, and off-axis viewing. Follow-up observations of the afterglow taken in the X-ray, optical, and radio, reveal a surprisingly late flattening in the X-ray from t = (2.61 ± 1.27) × 104 s to $t = 1.67 ^{+1.14} _{-0.65} \times 10^6$ s. We fit the data to closure relations describing the synchrotron emission, finding the electron spectral index to be $p = 2.42 ^{+0.44} _{-0.30}$, and evidence of late-time energy injection with coefficient $q = 0.24 ^{+0.24} _{-0.18}$. The jet half opening angle lower limit (θj ≥ 16○) is inferred from the non-detection of a jet break. The launch of SVOM and Einstein Probe in 2023, should enable detection of more low luminosity events like this, providing a fuller picture of the variety of GRBs.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record M Patel and others, GRB 201015A and the nature of low-luminosity soft gamma-ray bursts, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2023;, stad1703 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1703 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics |
| Divisions: | Astrophysics Research Institute |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press (OUP) |
| SWORD Depositor: | A Symplectic |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jun 2023 09:55 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jun 2023 10:00 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1093/mnras/stad1703 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/20003 |
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