Uusküla, A, Rannap, J, Weijler, L, Abagiu, A, Arendt, V, Barrio, G, Barros, H, Brummer‐Korvenkontio, H, Casabona, J, Croes, E, Jarlais, DD, Seguin‐Devaux, C, Dudás, M, Eritsyan, K, Folch, C, Hatzakis, A, Heimer, R, Heinsbroek, E, Hope, V, Jipa, R et al, Ķīvīte‐Urtāne, A, Levina, O, Lyubimova, A, Malczewski, A, Matser, A, McAuley, A, Meireles, P, Mravčík, V, Op de Coul, E, Ojavee, SE, Parés‐Badell, O, Prins, M, Pulido, J, Romanyak, E, Rosinska, M, Seyler, T, Stone, J, Sypsa, V, Talu, A, Tarján, A, Taylor, A, Vickerman, P, Vorobjov, S, Dolan, K and Wiessing, L (2023) Incarceration history is associated with HIV infection among community‐recruited people who inject drugs in Europe: A propensity‐score matched analysis of cross‐sectional studies. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140

Text Incarceration and HIV infection among PWID Addiction 2023.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 3 August 2024. Download (1MB)

Abstract

Aims We measured the association between a history of incarceration and HIV positivity among people who inject drugs (PWID) across Europe. Design, Setting and Participants This was a cross‐sectional, multi‐site, multi‐year propensity‐score matched analysis conducted in Europe. Participants comprised community‐recruited PWID who reported a recent injection (within the last 12 months). Measurements Data on incarceration history, demographics, substance use, sexual behavior and harm reduction service use originated from cross‐sectional studies among PWID in Europe. Our primary outcome was HIV status. Generalized linear mixed models and propensity‐score matching were used to compare HIV status between ever‐ and never‐incarcerated PWID. Findings Among 43 807 PWID from 82 studies surveyed (in 22 sites and 13 countries), 58.7% reported having ever been in prison and 7.16% (n = 3099) tested HIV‐positive. Incarceration was associated with 30% higher odds of HIV infection [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.59]; the association between a history of incarceration and HIV infection was strongest among PWID, with the lowest estimated propensity‐score for having a history of incarceration (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.47–2.16). Additionally, mainly injecting cocaine and/or opioids (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.33–3.53), increased duration of injecting drugs (per 8 years aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16–1.48), ever sharing needles/syringes (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.59–2.28) and increased income inequality among the general population (measured by the Gini index, aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18–1.51) were associated with a higher odds of HIV infection. Older age (per 8 years aOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76–0.94), male sex (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.91) and reporting pharmacies as the main source of clean syringes (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59–0.88) were associated with lower odds of HIV positivity. Conclusions A history of incarceration appears to be independently associated with HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Europe, with a stronger effect among PWID with lower probability of incarceration.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Incarceration history is associated with HIV infection among community-recruited people who inject drugs in Europe: A propensity-score matched analysis of cross-sectional studies, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16283. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited
Uncontrolled Keywords:	11 Medical and Health Sciences; 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences; Substance Abuse
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA1190 Toxicology. Poisions H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology > HV8301 Penology. Prisons. Corrections
Divisions:	Public Health Institute
Publisher:	Wiley
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2023 10:19
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2023 10:19
DOI or ID number:	10.1111/add.16283
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/20660

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