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Yao, Y, Ravi, V, Gezari, S, van Velzen, S, Lu, W, Schulze, S, Somalwar, JJ, Kulkarni, SR, Hammerstein, E, Nicholl, M, Graham, MJ, Perley, DA, Cenko, SB, Stein, R, Ricarte, A, Chadayammuri, U, Quataert, E, Bellm, EC, Bloom, JS, Dekany, R , Drake, AJ, Groom, SL, Mahabal, AA, Prince, TA, Riddle, R, Rusholme, B, Sharma, Y, Sollerman, J and Yan, L (2023) Tidal Disruption Event Demographics with the Zwicky Transient Facility: Volumetric Rates, Luminosity Function, and Implications for the Local Black Hole Mass Function. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 955 (1). pp. 1-31. ISSN 2041-8205
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Abstract
We conduct a systematic tidal disruption event (TDE) demographics analysis using the largest sample of optically selected TDEs. A flux-limited, spectroscopically complete sample of 33 TDEs is constructed using the Zwicky Transient Facility over 3 yr (from 2018 October to 2021 September). We infer the black hole (BH) mass (M BH) with host galaxy scaling relations, showing that the sample M BH ranges from 105.1 M ⊙ to 108.2 M ⊙. We developed a survey efficiency corrected maximum volume method to infer the rates. The rest-frame g-band luminosity function can be well described by a broken power law of ϕ ( L g ) ∝ L g / L bk 0.3 + L g / L bk 2.6 − 1 , with L bk = 1043.1 erg s−1. In the BH mass regime of 105.3 ≲ (M BH/M ⊙) ≲ 107.3, the TDE mass function follows ϕ ( M BH ) ∝ M BH − 0.25 , which favors a flat local BH mass function ( dn BH / d log M BH ≈ constant ). We confirm the significant rate suppression at the high-mass end (M BH ≳ 107.5 M ⊙), which is consistent with theoretical predictions considering direct capture of hydrogen-burning stars by the event horizon. At a host galaxy mass of M gal ∼ 1010 M ⊙, the average optical TDE rate is ≈3.2 × 10−5 galaxy−1 yr−1. We constrain the optical TDE rate to be [3.7, 7.4, and 1.6] × 10−5 galaxy−1 yr−1 in galaxies with red, green, and blue colors.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics |
| Divisions: | Astrophysics Research Institute |
| Publisher: | American Astronomical Society; IOP Publishing |
| SWORD Depositor: | A Symplectic |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Jan 2024 15:26 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jan 2024 15:30 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.3847/2041-8213/acf216 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/22162 |
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