Ahmetov, II, Williams, AG, Popov, DV, Lyubaeva, EV, Hakimullina, AM, Fedotovskaya, ON, Mozhayskaya, IA, Vinogradova, OL, Astratenkova, IV, Montgomery, HE and Rogozkin, VA (2009) The combined impact of metabolic gene polymorphisms on elite endurance athlete status and related phenotypes. Human Genetics, 126 (6). pp. 751-761. ISSN 0340-6717

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Abstract

Endurance performance is a complex phenotype subject to the influence of both environmental and genetic factors. Although the last decade has seen a variety of specific genetic factors proposed, many in metabolic pathways, each is likely to make a limited contribution to an 'elite' phenotype: it seems more likely that such status depends on the simultaneous presence of multiple such variants. The aim of the study was to investigate individually and in combination the association of common metabolic gene polymorphisms with endurance athlete status, the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers and maximal oxygen consumption. A total of 1,423 Russian athletes and 1,132 controls were genotyped for 15 gene polymorphisms, of which most were previously reported to be associated with athlete status or related intermediate phenotypes. Muscle fiber composition of m. vastus lateralis in 45 healthy men was determined by immunohistochemistry. Maximal oxygen consumption of 50 male rowers of national competitive standard was determined during an incremental test to exhaustion on a rowing ergometer. Ten 'endurance alleles' (NFATC4 Gly160, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARD rs2016520 C, PPARGC1A Gly482, PPARGC1B 203Pro, PPP3R1 promoter 5I, TFAM 12Thr, UCP2 55Val, UCP3 rs1800849 T and VEGFA rs2010963 C) were first identified showing discrete associations with elite endurance athlete status. Next, to assess the combined impact of all 10 gene polymorphisms, all athletes were classified according to the number of 'endurance' alleles they possessed. The proportion of subjects with a high (≥9) number of 'endurance' alleles was greater in the best endurance athletes compared with controls (85.7 vs. 37.8%, P = 7.6 × 10-6). The number of 'endurance' alleles was shown to be positively correlated (r = 0.50; P = 4.0 × 10-4) with the proportion of fatigue-resistant slow-twitch fibers, and with maximal oxygen consumption (r = 0.46; P = 7.0 × 10-4). These data suggest that the likelihood of becoming an elite endurance athlete depends on the carriage of a high number of endurance-related alleles.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0728-4
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Genetics & Heredity; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR; MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROMOTER REGION; PPAR-ALPHA; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; PGC-1-BETA; EXPRESSION; ASSOCIATION; Humans; Physical Endurance; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sports; Female; Male; Young Adult; Athletes; Athletes; Female; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Physical Endurance; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sports; Young Adult; 0604 Genetics; 1104 Complementary and Alternative Medicine; 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine; Genetics & Heredity
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history > QH426 Genetics R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	SPRINGER
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	01 May 2024 12:50
Last Modified:	01 May 2024 13:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1007/s00439-009-0728-4
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/23064

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