Hamsho, M, Shkorfu, W, Ranneh, Y and Fadel, A (2024) Is isocaloric intermittent fasting superior to calorie restriction? A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. ISSN 0939-4753

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Abstract

Background and aim: Intermittent fasting (IF) has been demonstrated to enhance human health through several mechanisms. However, it is still unclear whether those health benefits are independent of caloric restriction (CR)-induced weight loss. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare isocaloric IF and CR regarding anthropometric measurements, adherence, metabolic profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines in adults and elderlies. Methods and results: Comprehensive research was conducted usin four major databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar without date restriction. Mean differences of the change from baseline ± change SD were calculated as the differences between IF and CR groups. Subgroup analysis was performed according to intervention duration (short-, medium-, and long-term). To determine the reliability of our findings, GRADE assessment was performed. As a result, 20 RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. IF groups had significant reductions in fat mass (kg) (P = 0.006) and Interleukin-6 (P < 0.00001) in the short term and fat mass (%) (P = 0.0002), waist circumference (P = 0.005), fasting blood insulin (P < 0.00001) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.04) in the long term. CR groups had significantly lower hunger (P = 0.003), fatigue (P = 0.04), and TG (P = 0.03). Conclusions: IF may be an effective alternative to CR but is not superior to CR in enhancing human health. Due to the low number of long-term studies, future studies should focus on conducting longitudinal randomized trials comparing IF and CR in different populations, age groups, and IF patterns.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Adherence; Anthropometric measurements; Caloric restriction; GRADE; Intermittent fasting; Isocaloric; Meta-analysis; Metabolic profile; Obesity; Nutrition; Prevention; Metabolic and endocrine; 11 Medical and Health Sciences; Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Subjects:	T Technology > TX Home economics > TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	17 Jan 2025 11:12
Last Modified:	17 Jan 2025 11:13
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/j.numecd.2024.103805
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/25309

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