Kuhl, HS, Kalan, AK, Arandjelovic, M, Aubert, F, D’Auvergne, L, Goedmakers, A, Jones, S, Kehoe, L, Regnaut, S, Tickle, A, van Schijndel, J, Abwe, EE, Anedakin, S, Agbor, A, Ayimisin, EA, Bailey, E, Bessone, M, Bonnet, M, Brazolla, G, Buh, VE et al, Chancellor, R, Cipoletta, C, Cohen, H, Corogenes, K, Coupland, C, Curran, B, Deschner, T, Dierks, K, Dieguez, P, Dilambaka, E, Diotoh, O, Dowd, D, Dunn, A, Eshuis, H, Fernández, R, Ginath, Y, Hart, J, Hedwig, D, Ter Heegde, M, Cleveland Hicks, T, Imong, I, Jeffery, KJ, Junker, J, Kadam, P, Kambi, M, Kienast, I, Kujirakwinja, D, Langergraber, K, Lapeyre, V, Lapuente, J, Lee, K, Leinert, V, Meier, A, Maretti, G, Marrocoli, S, Mbi, TJ, Mihindou, V, Moebius, Y, Morgan, D, Morgan, B, Mulindahabi, F, Murai, M, Niyigabae, P, Normand, E, Ntare, N, Ormsby, LJ, Piel, AK, Pruetz, J, Rundus, A, Sanz, C, Sommer, V, Stewart, FA, Tagg, N, Vanleeuwe, H, Vergnes, V, Willie, J, Wittig, R, Zuberbuehler, K and Boesch, C (2016) Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. Scientific Reports, 6. ISSN 2045-2322

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Abstract

The study of the archaeological remains of fossil hominins must rely on reconstructions to elucidate the behaviour that may have resulted in particular stone tools and their accumulation. Comparatively, stone tool use among living primates has illuminated behaviours that are also amenable to archaeological examination, permitting direct observations of the behaviour leading to artefacts and their assemblages to be incorporated. Here, we describe newly discovered stone tool-use behaviour and stone accumulation sites in wild chimpanzees reminiscent of human cairns. In addition to data from 17 mid- to long-term chimpanzee research sites, we sampled a further 34 Pan troglodytes communities. We found four populations in West Africa where chimpanzees habitually bang and throw rocks against trees, or toss them into tree cavities, resulting in conspicuous stone accumulations at these sites. This represents the first record of repeated observations of individual chimpanzees exhibiting stone tool use for a purpose other than extractive foraging at what appear to be targeted trees. The ritualized behavioural display and collection of artefacts at particular locations observed in chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing may have implications for the inferences that can be drawn from archaeological stone assemblages and the origins of ritual sites.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GN Anthropology
Divisions:	Natural Sciences & Psychology (closed 31 Aug 19)
Publisher:	NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Date Deposited:	08 Mar 2016 15:44
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2021 04:20
DOI or ID number:	10.1038/srep22219
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/3104

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