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Tagg, N, McCarthy, M, Dieguez, P, Bocksberger, G, Willie, J, Mundry, R, Stewart, FA, Arandjelovic, M, Widness, J, Landsmann, A, Agbor, A, Angedakin, S, Ayimisin, AE, Bessone, M, Brazzola, G, Corogenes, K, Deschner, T, Dilambaka, E, Eno-Nku, M, Eshuis, H , Goedmakers, A, Granjon, AC, Head, J, Hermans,, V, Jones, S, Kadam, P, Kambi, M, Langergraber, K, Lapeyre, V, Lapuente, J, Lee, K, Leinert, V, Maretti, G, Marrocoli, S, Meier, A, Nicholl, S, Normand, E, Ormsby, LJ, Piel, AK, Robinson, O, Sommer, V, de Heegde, M, Tickle, A, Ton, E, van Schijndel, J, Vanleeuwe, H, Vergnes, V, Wessling, E, Wittig, R, Zuberbuehler, K, Kuehl, H and Boesch, C (2018) Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 166 (3). pp. 510-529. ISSN 1096-8644
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Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).pdf - Accepted Version Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Objectives – We investigated occurrences and patterns of terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and modelled the influence of various ecological predictors on nocturnal activity. Methods – Data were extracted from terrestrial camera-trap footage and ecological surveys from 22 chimpanzee study sites participating in the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. We described videos demonstrating nocturnal activity, and we tested the effects of the percentage of forest, abundance of predators (lions, leopards and hyenas), abundance of large mammals (buffalos and elephants), average daily temperature, rainfall, human activity, and percent illumination on the probability of nocturnal activity. Results – We found terrestrial nocturnal activity to occur at 18 of the 22 study sites, at an overall average proportion of 1.80% of total chimpanzee activity, and to occur during all hours of the night, but more frequently during twilight hours. We found a higher probability of nocturnal activity with lower levels of human activity, higher average daily temperature, and at sites with a larger percentage of forest. We found no effect of the abundance of predators and large mammals, rainfall, or moon illumination. Discussion – Chimpanzee terrestrial nocturnal activity appears widespread yet infrequent, which suggests a consolidated sleeping pattern. Nocturnal activity may be driven by the stress of high daily temperatures and may be enabled at low levels of human activity. Human activity may exert a relatively greater influence on chimpanzee nocturnal behavior than predator presence. We suggest that chimpanzee nocturnal activity is flexible, enabling them to respond to changing environmental factors.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | This is the accepted version of the following article: Tagg, N, McCarthy, M, Dieguez, P, et al. Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2018; 166: 510– 529, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23478 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 0603 Evolutionary Biology, 1601 Anthropology, 2101 Archaeology |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QH Natural history Q Science > QL Zoology |
| Divisions: | Natural Sciences & Psychology (closed 31 Aug 19) |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Apr 2018 08:15 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2021 10:36 |
| Editors: | Corogenes, K |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/8397 |
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