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Harris, M, Brathwaite, R, Scott, J, Gilchrist, G, Ciccarone, D, Hope, V and McGowan, CR (2018) Drawing attention to a neglected injecting-related harm: A systematic review of AA-amyloidosis among people who inject drugs. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) among people who inject drugs (PWID) can lead to AA-amyloidosis: a serious, yet neglected, multi-organ disease. We aim to synthesise findings on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical outcomes, screening recommendations, and challenges to treatment for AA-amyloidosis among PWID. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched the following bibliographic databases in July 2017: CINAHL Plus, Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycEXTRA, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS. Studies were included if they investigated AA-amyloidosis in PWID. Studies were not restricted to location, study type, year, or language of publication. Study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis (I2: 86%); we present a narrative review of the literature. RESULTS: Thirty-seven papers from eight countries met inclusion criteria. A total of 781 PWID are reported on, of whom 177 had AA-amyloidosis. Where disease causality is established, it is attributed to chronic inflammation caused by injecting-related SSTIs. Most (88.7%) PWID with AA-amyloidosis had SSTIs. Proportions of PWID with AA amyloidosis at post-mortem range from 1.6% (Germany) to 22.5% (Serbia). Biopsy studies report from 5.26% (Portugal) to 50% (Germany) of AA-amyloidosis in PWID with suspected or known kidney disease. Following diagnosis, the typical trajectory for PWID with AA-amyloidosis was rapid deterioration of renal function requiring haemodialysis (32.8%). Treatment difficulties, end-stage renal failure (40%), and premature death from sepsis (33%) were observed. Good outcomes, including reversibility of AA-amyloidosis are attributed to rapid treatment of the underlining inflammation and injecting cessation. Notably, given the population in question, no studies were published in addiction or harm reduction journals; most (92%) appear in specialist nephrology and medical journals. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence of an association between skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and AA-amyloidosis. Among people who inject drugs, injecting-related SSTIs are a significant cause of morbidity and premature mortality and there is evidence of increasing SSTI prevalence. Limitations in the literature make it difficult to estimate AA-amyloidosis prevalence among people who inject drugs.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | This is the accepted version of the following article: Harris, M., Brathwaite, R., Scott, J., Gilchrist, G., Ciccarone, D., Hope, V., and McGowan, C. R. (2018) Drawing attention to a neglected injecting‐related harm: A systematic review of AA‐amyloidosis among people who inject drugs. Addiction, doi: 10.1111/add.14257, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.14257 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 11 Medical And Health Sciences, 17 Psychology And Cognitive Sciences |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Public Health Institute |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 01 May 2018 08:38 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2021 02:43 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1111/add.14257 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/8603 |
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