Assi, S, Gulyamova, N, Ibrahim, K, Kneller, P and Osselton, D (2017) Profile, effects, and toxicity of novel psychoactive substances: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 32 (3). ISSN 0885-6222

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the profile, effects, and toxicity of novel psychoactive substances (NPS).
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted between May 2015 and February 2016 and included 19 databases. Search terms included “novel psychoactive substance(s),” “effect(s),” and “toxicity” and their synonyms. Studies included were those from any country, in any language, and between January 2007 and April 2015. Studies published before 2007 and those regarding the synthesis of NPS were excluded. Data were extracted by evaluating the titles, abstract, and full text, respectively. Consequently, the extraction yielded 20 studies.
Results: Forty‐three NPS derivatives of 8 main pharmacological classes were identified. NPS were mostly used among young adults and adults within the age range of 16–64 years old. Cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids were the most prevalent among the aforementioned classes. The main desired effects of NPS use were empathy and increased ability to socialise. Reported toxicity associated with the use of NPS included cardiovascular, neurological, and psychoactive adverse reactions.
Conclusions: Despite the unique subjective effects associated with the use of NPS, harmful effects could be severe and/or lethal. Therefore, there is a need to develop research in the area of NPS and promote awareness among healthcare professionals.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Assi, S, Gulyamova, N, Ibrahim, K, Kneller, P, Osselton, D. Profile, effects, and toxicity of novel psychoactive substances: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 2017; 32:e2607., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2607. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1701 Psychology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences
Divisions:	Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Wiley
Related URLs:	Author
Date Deposited:	19 Oct 2020 09:42
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2021 06:31
DOI or ID number:	10.1002/hup.2607
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/13851

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