Crain, RA, Schaye, J, Bower, RG, Furlong, M, Schaller, M, Theuns, T, Dalla Vecchia, C, Frenk, CS, McCarthy, IG, Helly, JC, Jenkins, A, Rosas-Guevara, YM, White, SDM and Trayford, JW (2015) The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 450 (2). pp. 1937-1961. ISSN 0035-8711

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Abstract

We present results from thirteen cosmological simulations that explore the parameter space of the "Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments" (EAGLE) simulation project. Four of the simulations follow the evolution of a periodic cube L = 50 cMpc on a side, and each employs a different subgrid model of the energetic feedback associated with star formation. The relevant parameters were adjusted so that the simulations each reproduce the observed galaxy stellar mass function at z = 0.1. Three of the simulations fail to form disc galaxies as extended as observed, and we show analytically that this is a consequence of numerical radiative losses that reduce the efficiency of stellar feedback in high-density gas. Such losses are greatly reduced in the fourth simulation - the EAGLE reference model - by injecting more energy in higher density gas. This model produces galaxies with the observed size distribution, and also reproduces many galaxy scaling relations. In the remaining nine simulations, a single parameter or process of the reference model was varied at a time. We find that the properties of galaxies with stellar mass <~ M* (the "knee" of the galaxy stellar mass function) are largely governed by feedback associated with star formation, while those of more massive galaxies are also controlled by feedback from accretion onto their central black holes. Both processes must be efficient in order to reproduce the observed galaxy population. In general, simulations that have been calibrated to reproduce the low-redshift galaxy stellar mass function will still not form realistic galaxies, but the additional requirement that galaxy sizes be acceptable leads to agreement with a large range of observables.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved
Uncontrolled Keywords:	0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Related URLs:	http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000356338500063&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=7f77ca1697db64ccb27a8011c7ced90d
Date Deposited:	28 Oct 2015 13:37
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2021 14:11
DOI or ID number:	10.1093/mnras/stv725
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/1606

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• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations. (deposited 06 Feb 2015 15:13)
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    • The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations. (deposited 28 Oct 2015 13:37) [Currently Displayed]

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