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Ehtezazi, T (2021) The Potential Use of Cyclosporine Ultrafine Solution Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhaler in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients. Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation, 15. pp. 1-13. ISSN 2667-3878
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The Potential Use of Cyclosporine Ultrafine Solution Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler in the Treatment of COVID19 Patients.pdf - Accepted Version Download (365kB) | Preview |
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Serious COVID-19 respiratory problems start when the virus reaches the alveolar level, where type II cells get infected and die. Therefore, virus inhibition at the alveolar level would help prevent these respiratory complications. METHOD: A literature search was conducted to collect physicochemical properties of small molecule compounds that could be used for the COVID-19 treatment. Compounds with a low melting point were selected along with those soluble in ethanol, hydrogen-bond donors, and acceptors. RESULTS: There are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus inhibitors with physicochemical properties suitable for the formulation as an ultrafine pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Mycophenolic acid, Debio 025, and cyclosporine A are prime candidates among these compounds. Cyclosporine A (hereafter cyclosporine) is a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, and it has been used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, demonstrating an improved survival rate. Also, inhalation therapy of nebulised cyclosporine was tolerated, which was used for patients with lung transplants. Finally, cyclosporine has been formulated as a solution ultrafine pMDI. Although vaccine therapy has been started in most countries, inhalation therapies with non-immunological activities could minimise the spread of the disease and be used in vaccine-hesitant individuals. CONCLUSION: Ultrafine pMDI formulation of cyclosporine or Debio 025 should be investigated for the inhalation therapy of COVID-19.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via http://www.eurekaselect.com/10.2174/2772574X12666211122113318 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | COVID-19; approved drugs; cyclosporine A; inhalation; pressurised metered-dose inhaler; regulatory tests |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| Divisions: | Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences |
| Publisher: | Bentham Science Publishers |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Feb 2022 09:52 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2022 00:50 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.2174/2772574X12666211122113318 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16272 |
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