O'Leary, TJ, Walsh, NP, Casey, A, Izard, RM, Tang, JCY, Fraser, WD and Greeves, JP (2021) Supplementary Energy Increases Bone Formation during Arduous Military Training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 53 (2). pp. 394-403. ISSN 0195-9131

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementary energy on bone formation and resorption during arduous military training in energy deficit.
Methods: Thirty male soldiers completed an 8-wk military combat course (mean ± SD, age = 25 ± 3 yr, height = 1.78 ± 0.05 m, body mass = 80.9 ± 7.7 kg). Participants received either the habitual diet (control group, n = 15) or an additional 5.1 MJ·d−1 to eliminate the energy deficit (supplemented group, n = 15). Circulating markers of bone formation and resorption, and reproductive, thyroid, and metabolic status, were measured at baseline and weeks 6 and 8 of training.
Results: Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased in controls (−4.4 ± 1.9 μg·L−1) and increased in the supplemented group (16.0 ± 6.6 μg·L−1), between baseline and week 8 (P < 0.001). Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide increased between baseline and week 6 for both groups (5.6 ± 8.1 μg·L−1, P = 0.005). Beta carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen decreased between baseline and week 8 for both groups (−0.16 ± 0.20 μg·L−1, P < 0.001). Prolactin increased from baseline to week 8 for the supplemented group (148 ± 151 IU·L−1, P = 0.041). The increase in adiponectin from baseline to week 8 was higher in controls (4.3 ± 1.8 mg·L−1, P < 0.001) than that in the supplemented group (1.4 ± 1.0 mg·L−1, P < 0.001). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 was lower at week 8 than baseline for controls (−461 ± 395 ng·mL−1, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, a marker of bone formation, with supplementation supports a role of energy in osteoblastic activity; the implications for skeletal adaptation and stress fracture risk are unclear. The mechanism is likely through protecting markers of metabolic, but not reproductive or thyroid, function.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1116 Medical Physiology, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	American College of Sports Medicine
Related URLs:	Author
Date Deposited:	11 Mar 2022 10:47
Last Modified:	11 Mar 2022 11:00
DOI or ID number:	10.1249/MSS.0000000000002473
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16306

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