Harrison, SL, Buckley, BJR, Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, J, Zhang, J and Lip, GYH (2021) Cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. European Heart Journal Quality of Care & Clinical Outcomes, 7 (4). pp. 330-339. ISSN 2058-5225

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Abstract

Aims: To consolidate evidence to determine (i) the association between cardiovascular risk factors and health outcomes with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19); and (ii) the impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health.
Methods and results: An umbrella review of systematic reviews was conducted. Fourteen medical databases and pre-print servers were searched from 1 January 2020 to 5 November 2020. The review focused on reviews rated as moderate or high-quality using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Eighty-four reviews were identified; 31 reviews were assessed as moderate quality and one was high-quality. The following risk factors were associated with higher mortality and severe COVID-19: renal disease [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for mortality 3.07 (2.43–3.88)], diabetes mellitus [OR 2.09 (1.80–2.42)], hypertension [OR 2.50 (2.02–3.11)], smoking history [risk ratio (RR) 1.26 (1.20–1.32)], cerebrovascular disease [RR 2.75 (1.54–4.89)], and cardiovascular disease [OR 2.65 (1.86–3.78)]. Liver disease was associated with higher odds of mortality [OR 2.81 (1.31–6.01)], but not severe COVID-19. Current smoking was associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 [RR 1.80 (1.14–2.85)], but not mortality. Obesity associated with higher odds of mortality [OR 2.18 (1.10–4.34)], but there was an absence of evidence for severe COVID-19. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the following incident cardiovascular complications were identified: acute heart failure (2%), myocardial infarction (4%), deep vein thrombosis (7%), myocardial injury (10%), angina (10%), arrhythmias (18%), pulmonary embolism (19%), and venous thromboembolism (25%).
Conclusion: Many of the risk factors identified as associated with adverse outcomes with COVID-19 are potentially modifiable. Primary and secondary prevention strategies that target cardiovascular risk factors may improve outcomes for people following COVID-19.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; COVID-19 Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular risk; Umbrella review; INJURY; DEATH
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Related URLs:	Author
Date Deposited:	06 Apr 2022 10:41
Last Modified:	06 Apr 2022 10:45
DOI or ID number:	10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab029
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16600

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