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Brown, RP and Yang, Z (2011) Rate variation and estimation of divergence times using strict and relaxed clocks. BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, 11. ISSN 1471-2148
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Rate variation and estimation of divergence times using strict and relaxed clocks..pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (440kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background: Understanding causes of biological diversity may be greatly enhanced by knowledge of divergence times. Strict and relaxed clock models are used in Bayesian estimation of divergence times. We examined whether:
i) strict clock models are generally more appropriate in shallow phylogenies where rate variation is expected to be
low, ii) the likelihood ratio test of the clock (LRT)reliably informs which model is appropriate for dating divergence times. Strict and relaxed models were used to analyse sequences simulated under different levels of rate variation. Published shallow phylogenies (Black bass, Primate-sucking lice, Podarcis lizards, Gallotiinae lizards, and Caprinae mammals) were also analysed to determine natural levels of rate variation relative to the performance of the different models.
Results: Strict clock analyses performed well on data simulated under the independent rates model when the
standard deviation of log rate on branches, s, was low (≤0.1), but were inappropriate when s>0.1 (95% of rates fall
within 0.0082-0.0121 subs/site/Ma when s = 0.1, for a mean rate of 0.01). The independent rates relaxed clock
model performed well at all levels of rate variation, although posterior intervals on times were significantly wider than for the strict clock. The strict clock is therefore superior when rate variation is low. The performance of a correlated rates relaxed clock model was similar to the strict clock. Increased numbers of independent loci led to slightly narrower posteriors under the relaxed clock while older root ages provided proportionately narrower posteriors. The LRT had low power for s = 0.01-0.1, but high power for s = 0.5-2.0. Posterior means of s2 were useful for assessing rate variation in published datasets. Estimates of natural levels of rate variation ranged from 0.05-3.38 for different partitions. Differences in divergence times between relaxed and strict clock analyses were greater in two datasets with higher s2 for one or more partitions, supporting the simulation results.
Conclusions: The strict clock can be superior for trees with shallow roots because of low levels of rate variation
between branches. The LRT allows robust assessment of suitability of the clock model as does examination of
posteriors on s2.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | 0603 Evolutionary Biology, 0604 Genetics |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology |
| Divisions: | Natural Sciences & Psychology (closed 31 Aug 19) |
| Publisher: | BIOMED CENTRAL LTD |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2015 14:46 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2021 04:32 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1186/1471-2148-11-271 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/1956 |
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