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Blakey, L, Sharples, GP, Chana, K and Birkett, JW (2023) Environmental assessment of gunshot residue particles in the public domain of the United Kingdom. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 68 (4). pp. 1330-1334. ISSN 0022-1198
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Abstract
Only limited data currently exists on the inadvertent transfer of gunshot residue (GSR), or GSR-like particles through contact with public places. In this study, an assessment occurrence of GSR in public environments in England, UK was undertaken. Utilizing a stubbing sampling technique over 260 samples were collected from areas accessible to the public, including buses, trains, taxis, and train stations. Stub analysis was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX). The results showed no characteristic GSR particles were detected on any of the 262 samples taken. From these samples, a total of four indicative/consistent particles were identified on one train seat (2× BaAl, 2× PbSb). Although geographical location and firearm association is likely to influence GSR occurrence, the data suggests that the potential for inadvertent GSR transfer through contact with public transport and associated communal areas is insignificant. Further research assessing environmental background levels of GSR in additional geographical locations is critical in an evaluation of the potential for GSR transfer from the environment.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | SEM-EDX; environmental particles; persistence; prevalence of gunshot residue; transfer; 0399 Other Chemical Sciences; 0699 Other Biological Sciences; 1103 Clinical Sciences; Legal & Forensic Medicine |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
| Divisions: | Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| SWORD Depositor: | A Symplectic |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2023 08:08 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2023 08:15 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1111/1556-4029.15267 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/20461 |
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