Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the root of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae)

Adekunle, YA, Samuel, BB, Nahar, L, Fatokun, AA and Sarker, S ORCID: 0000-0003-4038-0514 (2023) Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the root of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae). Phytochemistry: the international journal of plant chemistry, plant biochemistry and molecular biology. ISSN 0031-9422

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Abstract

Bioactivity-guided phytochemical fractionation of the methanol extract of Olax subscorpioidea root has led to the isolation of six triterpenes. Three of these compounds are previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins: oleanolic acid 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-6-O-methyl-β-D-glucuronopyranoside]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (3), and oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-O-methyl-β-D-glucuronopyranoside] ester (5). Other reported known compounds include two triterpene glycosides: oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-O-methyl-β-D-glucuronopyranoside]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1) and oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside] (4); and a triterpene acid, oleanolic acid (6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The isolated compounds were tested against human cervical cancer (HeLa), colorectal cancer (Caco-2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using the in vitro 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl] 3,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, with vincristine as positive control. The cytotoxicity assay showed that compounds 3 and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the HeLa cell line, with IC50 values of 7.42±0.34 µM and 10.27±1.26 µM; and moderate effects on MCF-7 (IC50 values, 36.67±1.23 µM and 43.83±0.65 µM) and Caco-2 (IC50 values, 35.83±0.55 µM and 39.03±4.38 µM, respectively) cell lines. They were also more selectively cytotoxic than vincristine against the cancer cell lines, when compared with cytotoxicity against the normal lung cell line MRC5.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	03 Chemical Sciences; 06 Biological Sciences; 11 Medical and Health Sciences; Plant Biology & Botany
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date of acceptance:	5 September 2023
Date of first compliant Open Access:	28 September 2023
Date Deposited:	08 Sep 2023 10:01
Last Modified:	04 Jul 2025 16:45
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/21289

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