Phelps, NH, Singleton, RK, Zhou, B, Heap, RA, Mishra, A, Bennett, JE, Paciorek, CJ, Lhoste, VPF, Carrillo-Larco, RM, Stevens, GA, Rodriguez-Martinez, A, Bixby, H, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Danaei, G, Rayner, AW, Barradas-Pires, A, Cowan, MJ, Savin, S, Riley, LM et al, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Baker, JL, Barkat, A, Bhutta, ZA, Branca, F, Caixeta, RB, Cuschieri, S, Farzadfar, F, Ganapathy, S, Ikeda, N, Iotova, V, Kengne, AP, Khang, Y-H, Laxmaiah, A, Lin, H-H, Ma, J, Mbanya, JCN, Miranda, JJ, Pradeepa, R, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Sorić, M, Turley, M, Wang, L, Webster-Kerr, K, Aarestrup, J, Abarca-Gómez, L, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdeen, ZA, Abdrakhmanova, S, Abdul Ghaffar, S, Abdul Rahim, HF, Abdurrahmonova, Z, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abubakar Garba, J, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adam, I, Adamczyk, M, Adams, RJ, Adu-Afarwuah, S, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agbor, VN, Agdeppa, IA, Aghazadeh-Attari, J, Ågren, Å, Aguenaou, H, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, MH, Ahmad, NA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmadi, N, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, SH, Ahrens, W, Aitmurzaeva, G, Ajlouni, K, Al-Hazzaa, HM, Al-Hinai, H, Al-Lahou, B, Al-Lawati, JA, Al-Raddadi, R, Al Asfoor, D, Al Hourani, HM, Al Qaoud, NM, Alarouj, M, AlBuhairan, F, AlDhukair, S, Aldwairji, MA, Alexius, S, Ali, MM, Alieva, AV, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Alkhatib, BM, Allin, K, Alomary, SA, Alomirah, HF, Alshangiti, AM, Alvarez-Pedrerol, M, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, DN, Amiano Etxezarreta, P, Amoah, J, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Androutsos, O, Ängquist, L, Anjana, RM, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anufrieva, E, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araújo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arku, RE, Arlappa, N, Aryal, KK, Assefa, N, Aspelund, T, Assah, FK, Assembekov, B, Assunção, MCF, Aung, MS, Aurélio de Valois, CJM, Auvinen, J, Avdičová, M, Avi, S, Azad, K, Azevedo, A, Azimi-Nezhad, M, Azizi, F, Babu, BV, Bacopoulou, F, Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M, Baharudin, A, Bahijri, S, Bajramovic, I, Bakacs, M, Balakrishna, N, Balanova, Y, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Banegas, JR, Baran, J, Baran, R, Barbagallo, CM, Barbosa Filho, V, Barceló, A, Baretić, M, Barnoya, J, Barrera, L, Barreto, M, Barros, AJD, Barros, MVG, Bartosiewicz, A, Basit, A, Bastos, JL, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Batista, AP, Batista, RL, Battakova, Z, Baur, LA, Bayauli, PM, Beaglehole, R, Bel-Serrat, S, Belavendra, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Benedek, T, Benedics, J, Benet, M, Benitez Rolandi, GE, Benzeval, M, Bere, E, Berger, N, Bergh, IH, Berhane, Y, Berkinbayev, S, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bernotiene, G, Berrios Carrasola, X, Bettiol, H, Beutel, ME, Beybey, AF, Bezerra, J, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, SK, Bi, H, Bi, Y, Bia, D, Biasch, K, Bika Lele, EC, Bikbov, MM, Bista, B, Bjelica, DJ, Bjerregaard, AA, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, MB, Björkelund, C, Bloch, KV, Blokstra, A, Blychfeld Magnazu, M, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boddy, LM, Boehm, BO, Boer, JMA, Boggia, JG, Bogova, E, Boissonnet, CP, Bojesen, SE, Bonaccio, M, Bongard, V, Bonilla-Vargas, A, Bopp, M, Borghs, H, Botomba, S, Bourne, RRA, Bovet, P, Boymatova, K, Braeckevelt, L, Braeckman, L, Bragt, MCE, Braithwaite, T, Brajkovich, I, Breckenkamp, J, Breda, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Briceño, Y, Brinduse, L, Bringolf-Isler, B, Brito, M, Brophy, S, Brug, J, Bruno, G, Bugge, A, Buoncristiano, M, Burazeri, G, Burns, C, Cabrera de León, A, Cacciottolo, J, Cai, H, Cama, T, Cameron, C, Camolas, J, Can, G, Cândido, APC, Cañete, F, Capanzana, MV, Čapková, N, Capuano, E, Capuano, R, Capuano, V, Cardol, M, Cardoso, VC, Carlsson, AC, Carmuega, E, Carvalho, J, Casajús, JA, Casanueva, FF, Casas, M, Celikcan, E, Censi, L, Cervantes-Loaiza, M, Cesar, JA, Chamnan, P, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, A, Chan, Q, Charchar, FJ, Charles, M-A, Chaturvedi, HK, Chaturvedi, N, Che Abdul Rahim, N, Chee, ML, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, H, Chen, L-S, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, YJ, Cheraghian, B, Chetrit, A, Chikova-Iscener, E, Chinapaw, MJM, Chinnock, A, Chiolero, A, Chiou, S-T, Chirita-Emandi, A, Chirlaque, M-D, Cho, B, Christensen, K, Christofaro, DG, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Cilia, M, Cinteza, E, Cirillo, M, Claessens, F, Clare, P, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cohen, E, Cojocaru, CR, Colorado-Yohar, S, Compañ-Gabucio, L-M, Concin, H, Confortin, SC, Cooper, C, Coppinger, TC, Corpeleijn, E, Cortés, LY, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, CL, Crampin, AC, Cross, AJ, Crujeiras, AB, Cruz, JJ, Csányi, T, Csilla, S, Cucu, AM, Cui, L, Cureau, FV, Czenczek-Lewandowska, E, D'Arrigo, G, d'Orsi, E, da Silva, AG, Dacica, L, Dahm, CC, Dallongeville, J, Damasceno, A, Damsgaard, CT, Dankner, R, Dantoft, TM, Dasgupta, P, Dastgiri, S, Dauchet, L, Davletov, K, de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos, F, de Assis, MAA, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, De Bacquer, J, de Bont, J, De Curtis, A, de Fragas Hinnig, P, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, De Miguel-Etayo, P, De Neve, J-W, Duarte de Oliveira, P, De Ridder, D, De Ridder, K, de Rooij, SR, de Sá, ACMGN, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Deev, AD, DeGennaro, VJ, Delisle, H, Delpeuch, F, Demarest, S, Dennison, E, Dereń, K, Deschamps, V, Devrishov, RD, Dhimal, M, Di Castelnuovo, A, Dias-da-Costa, JS, Díaz-Sánchez, ME, Diaz, A, Díaz Fernández, P, Díez Ripollés, MP, Dika, Z, Djalalinia, S, Djordjic, V, Do, HTP, Dobson, AJ, Dominguez, L, Donati, MB, Donfrancesco, C, Dong, G, Dong, Y, Donoso, SP, Döring, A, Dorobantu, M, Dorosty, AR, Dörr, M, Doua, K, Dragano, N, Drygas, W, Du, S, Duan, JL, Duante, CA, Duboz, P, Duleva, VL, Dulskiene, V, Dumith, SC, Dushpanova, A, Dwyer, T, Dyussupova, A, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Ebrahimi, N, Echeverría, G, Eddie, R, Eftekhar, E, Efthymiou, V, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, Eghtesad, S, Eiben, G, Ekelund, U, El-Khateeb, M, El Ammari, L, El Ati, J, Eldemire-Shearer, D, Elliott, P, Enang, O, Endevelt, R, Engle-Stone, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Ergor, G, Eriksen, L, Eriksson, JG, Escobedo-de la Peña, J, Eslami, S, Esmaeili, A, Evans, A, Evans, RG, Faeh, D, Fagherazzi, G, Fakhradiyev, I, Fakhretdinova, AA, Fall, CH, Faramarzi, E, Farjam, M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo, V, Farzi, Y, Fattahi, MR, Fawwad, A, Fawzi, WW, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernandes, RA, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrao, T, Ferrari, G, Ferrari, M, Ferrario, MM, Ferreccio, C, Ferreira, HS, Ferrer, E, Ferrieres, J, Figueiró, TH, Fijalkowska, A, Fink, G, Fisberg, M, Fischer, K, Foo, LH, Forsner, M, Fottrell, EF, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, Franco, MDC, Fras, Z, Fraser, B, Frontera, G, Fuchs, FD, Fuchs, SC, Fujiati, II, Fujita, Y, Fumihiko, M, Furdela, V, Furusawa, T, Gabriela, SA, Gaciong, Z, Gafencu, M, Galán Cuesta, M, Galbarczyk, A, Galcheva, SV, Galenkamp, H, Galeone, D, Galfo, M, Galvano, F, Gao, J, Gao, P, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, García Mérida, MJ, García Solano, M, Gareta, D, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gaya, ACA, Gaya, AR, Gazzinelli, A, Gehring, U, Geiger, H, Geleijnse, JM, George, R, Gerdts, E, Ghaderi, E, Ghamari, S-H, Ghanbari, A, Ghasemi, E, Gheorghe-Fronea, O-F, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Gieger, C, Gill, TK, Giovannelli, J, Gironella, G, Giwercman, A, Gkiouras, K, Glushkova, N, Godara, R, Godos, J, Gogen, S, Goldberg, M, Goltzman, D, Gómez, G, Gómez Gómez, JH, Gomez, LF, Gómez, SF, Gomula, A, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, B, Gonçalves, H, Gonçalves, M, González-Alvarez, AD, Gonzalez-Chica, DA, González-Gil, EM, Gonzalez-Gross, M, González-Leon, M, González-Rivas, JP, González-Villalpando, C, González-Villalpando, M-E, Gonzalez, AR, Gottrand, F, Graça, AP, Grafnetter, D, Grajda, A, Grammatikopoulou, MG, Gregg, EW, Gregor, RD, Gregório, MJ, Grøholt, EK, Grøntved, A, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guajardo, V, Gualdi-Russo, E, Guallar-Castillón, P, Gualtieri, A, Gudmundsson, EF, Gudnason, V, Guerchet, M, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gujral, UP, Gulliford, MC, Gunnlaugsdottir, J, Gunter, MJ, Guo, X-H, Guo, Y, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gureje, O, Gurinović, MA, Gutiérrez González, E, Gutierrez, L, Gutzwiller, F, Gwee, X, Ha, S, Hadaegh, F, Hadjigeorgiou, CA, Haghshenas, R, Hakimi, H, Halkjær, J, Hambleton, IR, Hamzeh, B, Hanekom, WA, Hange, D, Hanif, AAM, Hantunen, S, Hao, J, Hardman, CM, Hardy, L, Hari Kumar, R, Harmer Lassen, T, Harooni, J, Hashemi-Shahri, SM, Hassapidou, M, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, AJ, He, J, He, Y, He, Y, Heidinger-Felső, R, Heier, M, Heinen, M, Hejgaard, T, Hendriks, ME, Henrique, RDS, Henriques, A, Hernandez Cadena, L, Herrala, S, Herrera-Cuenca, M, Herrera, VM, Herter-Aeberli, I, Herzig, K-H, Heshmat, R, Heude, B, Hill, AG, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hobbs, M, Höfelmann, DA, Holdsworth, M, Homayounfar, R, Homs, C, Hoogendijk, E, Hopman, WM, Horimoto, ARVR, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Htike, MMT, Hu, Y, Huerta, JM, Huhtaniemi, IT, Huiart, L, Huidumac Petrescu, C, Husseini, A, Huu, CN, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Hyska, J, Iacoviello, L, Iakupova, EM, Ibarluzea, J, Ibrahim, MM, Ibrahim Wong, N, Igland, J, Ijoma, C, Ikram, MA, Iñiguez, C, Irazola, VE, Ishida, T, Isiguzo, GC, Islam, M, Islam, SMS, Islek, D, Ittermann, T, Ivanova-Pandourska, IY, Iwasaki, M, Jääskeläinen, T, Jackson, RT, Jacobs, JM, Jadoul, M, Jafar, T, Jallow, B, James, K, Jamil, KM, Jamrozik, K, Jan, N, Jansson, A, Janszky, I, Janus, E, Jarani, J, Jarnig, G, Jarvelin, M-R, Jasienska, G, Jelaković, A, Jelaković, B, Jennings, G, Jiang, CQ, Jimenez, RO, Jöckel, K-H, Joffres, M, Jokelainen, JJ, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Jøran Kjerpeseth, L, Jørgensen, T, Joshi, P, Joshi, R, Josipović, J, Joukar, F, Jóźwiak, JJ, Judge, DS, Juolevi, A, Jurak, G, Jurca Simina, I, Juresa, V, Kaaks, R, Kaducu, FO, Kadvan, AL, Kafatos, A, Kaj, M, Kajantie, EO, Kakutia, N, Kállayová, D, Kalmatayeva, Z, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kameli, Y, Kanala, KR, Kannan, S, Kapantais, E, Karaglani, E, Karakosta, A, Kårhus, LL, Karki, KB, Karlsson, O, Kassi Anicet, A, Katchunga, PB, Katibeh, M, Katz, J, Katzmarzyk, PT, Kauhanen, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kazakbaeva, GM, Kaze, FF, Kazembe, BM, Ke, C, Keil, U, Keinan Boker, L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kelleher, C, Kemper, HCG, Keramati, M, Kerimkulova, A, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, YS, Khaledifar, A, Khalili, D, Kheiri, B, Kheradmand, M, Khosravi, A, Khouw, IMSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, SJ, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, HC, Kim, J, Kindblom, JM, Kingston, A, Klakk, H, Klanarong, S, Klanova, J, Klimek, M, Klimont, J, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Kobel, S, Koirala, B, Kolle, E, Kolo, SM, Kolsteren, P, König, J, Korpelainen, R, Korrovits, P, Korzycka, M, Kos, J, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Koussoh Simone, M, Kovács, É, Kovacs, VA, Kovalskys, I, Kowlessur, S, Koziel, S, Kratenova, J, Kratzer, W, Kriaucioniene, V, Kriemler, S, Kristensen, PL, Krizan, H, Kroker-Lobos, MF, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Kruger, HS, Kruger, R, Kryst, Ł, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kujala, UM, Kujundzic, E, Kulaga, Z, Kulimbet, M, Kulothungan, V, Kumar, RK, Kumari, M, Kunešová, M, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, YS, Kutsenko, V, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, La, QN, Laamiri, FZ, Laatikainen, T, Labadarios, D, Lachat, C, Lackner, KJ, Lai, D, Laid, Y, Lall, L, Lam, TH, Landaeta Jimenez, M, Landais, E, Lankila, T, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Larissa, SP, Lateva, MP, Latt, TS, Laurenzi, M, Lauria, L, Lazo-Porras, M, Le Coroller, G, Le Nguyen Bao, K, Le Port, A, Le, TD, Lee, J, Lee, J, Lee, PH, Lehtimäki, T, Lemogoum, D, Leong, E, Leskošek, B, Leszczak, J, Leth-Møller, KB, Leung, GM, Levitt, NS, Li, Y, Liivak, M, Lilly, CL, Lim, C, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, X, Lind, L, Lingam, V, Linkohr, B, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Liu, J, Liu, L, Liu, L, Liu, X, Lo, W-C, Loit, H-M, Long, KQ, Longo Abril, G, Lopes, L, Lopes, MSS, Lopes, O, Lopez-Garcia, E, Lopez, T, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, JE, Lukrafka, JL, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lunet, N, Lunogelo, C, Lustigová, M, Łuszczki, E, M'Buyamba-Kabangu, J-R, Ma, G, Ma, X, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machado-Rodrigues, AM, Macia, E, Macieira, LM, Madar, AA, Madraisau, S, Madsen, AL, Maestre, GE, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Magnacca, S, Magriplis, E, Mahasampath, G, Maire, B, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Mäki, P, Malekpour, M-R, Malekzadeh, F, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Mallikharjuna Rao, K, Malta, DC, Malyutina, SK, Maniego, LV, Manios, Y, Mann, JI, Mannix, MI, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Manyanga, T, Manzato, E, Mapatano, MA, Marcil, A, Margozzini, P, Maria-Magdalena, R, Mariño, J, Markaki, A, Markey, O, Markidou Ioannidou, E, Marques-Vidal, P, Marques, LP, Marrugat, J, Martin-Prevel, Y, Martin, R, Martorell, R, Martos, E, Maruf, FA, Maruszczak, K, Marventano, S, Masala, G, Mascarenhas, LP, Masinaei, M, Masoodi, SR, Mathiesen, EB, Mathur, P, Matijasevich, A, Matłosz, P, Matsha, TE, Matsudo, V, Matteo, G, Maulik, PK, Mavrogianni, C, Mazur, A, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McKee, M, McLean, RM, McLean, SB, McNairy, ML, McNulty, BA, Mediene Benchekor, S, Medzioniene, J, Mehlig, K, Mehrparvar, AH, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisfjord, J, Meisinger, C, Melgarejo, JD, Melkumova, M, Mello, J, Méndez, F, Mendivil, CO, Menezes, AMB, Menon, GR, Mensink, GBM, Menzano, MT, Meshram, II, Meto, DT, Meyer, HE, Mi, J, Michaelsen, KF, Michels, N, Mikkel, K, Miłkowska, K, Miller, JC, Milushkina, O, Minderico, CS, Mini, GK, Miquel, JF, Mirjalili, MR, Mirkopoulou, D, Mirrakhimov, E, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Mistretta, A, Mocanu, V, Modesti, PA, Moghaddam, SS, Mohamed, SF, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, MR, Mohammadi, Z, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mohd Yusoff, MF, Mohebbi, I, Moitry, M, Møllehave, LT, Møller, NC, Molnár, D, Momenan, A, Mondo, CK, Monroy-Valle, M, Montenegro Mendoza, RA, Monterrubio-Flores, E, Monyeki, KDK, Moon, JS, Moosazadeh, M, Mopa, HT, Moradpour, F, Moreira, LB, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morey, F, Morgan, K, Morin, SN, Mortensen, EL, Moschonis, G, Moslem, A, Mosquera, M, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafavi, S-A, Mota-Pinto, A, Mota, J, Motlagh, ME, Motta, J, Moura-dos-Santos, MA, Movsesyan, Y, Mridha, MK, Msyamboza, KP, Mu, TT, Muc, M, Muca, F, Mugoša, B, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Münzel, T, Mursu, J, Murtagh, EM, Musa, KI, Musić Milanović, S, Musil, V, Musinguzi, G, Muyer, MT, Nabipour, I, Nagel, G, Najafi, F, Nakamura, H, Nalecz, H, Námešná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Nankap, M, Narake, S, Narayan, KMV, Nardone, P, Naseri, T, Nathalie, M, Neal, WA, Neelapaichit, N, Nejatizadeh, A, Nekkantti, C, Nelis, K, Nenko, I, Neovius, M, Nervi, F, Ng, TP, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QN, Ni, MY, Nicolescu, R, Nie, P, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Nikitin, YP, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Nishi, N, Nishtar, S, Noale, M, Noboa, OA, Nogueira, H, Nordendahl, M, Nordestgaard, BG, Norton, KI, Noto, D, Nowak-Szczepanska, N, Nsour, MA, Nuhoğlu, I, Nunes, B, Nurk, E, Nuwaha, F, Nyirenda, M, O'Neill, TW, O'Reilly, D, Obreja, G, Ochimana, C, Ochoa-Avilés, AM, Oda, E, Odili, AN, Oh, K, Ohara, K, Ohlsson, C, Ohtsuka, R, Olafsson, Ö, Oldenburg, B, Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, IO, Omar, MA, Omar, SM, Onat, A, Ong, SK, Onland-Moret, NC, Ono, LM, Onodugo, O, Ordunez, P, Ornelas, R, Ortiz, AP, Ortiz, PJ, Osler, M, Osmond, C, Ostojic, SM, Ostovar, A, Otero, JA, Ottendahl, CB, Otu, A, Overvad, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Oyeyemi, AY, Oyeyemi, AL, Paccaud, FM, Padez, CP, Pagkalos, I, Pahomova, E, de Paiva, KM, Pająk, A, Pajula, N, Palloni, A, Palmieri, L, Pan, W-H, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pang, Z, Panza, F, Paoli, M, Papadopoulou, SK, Papandreou, D, Pareja, RG, Park, S-W, Park, S, Parnell, WR, Parsaeian, M, Pascanu, IM, Pasquet, P, Patel, ND, Pattussi, M, Pavlyshyn, H, Pechlaner, R, Pećin, I, Pednekar, MS, Pedro, JM, Peer, N, Peixoto, SV, Peltonen, M, Pereira, AC, Peres, MA, Perez-Londoño, A, Pérez, CM, Peterkova, V, Peters, A, Petkeviciene, J, Petrauskiene, A, Petrovna Kovtun, O, Pettenuzzo, E, Peykari, N, Pfeiffer, N, Phall, MC, Pham, ST, Phiri, FP, Pichardo, RN, Pierannunzio, D, Pierre-Marie, P, Pigeot, I, Pikhart, H, Pilav, A, Piler, P, Pilotto, L, Pistelli, F, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Pizarro, AN, Plans-Rubió, P, Platonova, AG, Poh, BK, Pohlabeln, H, Polka, NS, Pop, RM, Popkin, BM, Popovic, SR, Porta, M, Posch, G, Poudyal, A, Poulimeneas, D, Pouraram, H, Pourfarzi, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Price, AJ, Price, JF, Prista, A, Providencia, R, Puder, JJ, Pudule, I, Puhakka, S, Puiu, M, Punab, M, Qadir, MS, Qasrawi, RF, Qiao, Q, Qorbani, M, Quintana, HK, Quiroga-Padilla, PJ, Quoc Bao, T, Rach, S, Radic, I, Radisauskas, R, Rahimikazerooni, S, Rahman, M, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Raj, M, Rajabov, T, Rakhmatulloev, S, Rakovac, I, Ramachandra Rao, S, Ramachandran, A, Ramadan, OPC, Ramires, VV, Ramirez-Zea, M, Ramke, J, Ramos, E, Ramos, R, Rampal, L, Rampal, S, Ramsay, SE, Rangelova, LS, Rarra, V, Rascon-Pacheco, RA, Rashidi, M-M, Rech, CR, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Regecová, V, Renner, JDP, Repasy, JA, Reuter, CP, Revilla, L, Reynolds, A, Rezaei, N, Rezaianzadeh, A, Rho, Y, Ribas-Barba, L, Ribeiro, R, Riboli, E, Rigo, F, Rigotti, A, Rinaldo, N, Rinke de Wit, TF, Risérus, U, Rito, AI, Ritti-Dias, RM, Rivera, JA, Roa, RG, Robinson, L, Roccaldo, R, Rodrigues, D, Rodriguez-Perez, MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA, Rodríguez, AY, Roggenbuck, U, Rohloff, P, Rohner, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Romaguera, D, Romeo, EL, Rosario, RV, Rosengren, A, Rouse, I, Rouzier, V, Roy, JGR, Ruano, MH, Rubinstein, A, Rühli, FJ, Ruidavets, J-B, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Ruiz-Castell, M, Ruiz Moreno, E, Rusakova, IA, Rusek, W, Russell Jonsson, K, Russo, P, Rust, P, Rutkowski, M, Saamel, M, Saar, CG, Sabanayagam, C, Sabbaghi, H, Sacchini, E, Sachdev, HS, Sadjadi, A, Safarpour, AR, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Saghi, MH, Saidi, O, Saieva, C, Sakata, S, Saki, N, Šalaj, S, Salanave, B, Salazar Martinez, E, Salhanova, A, Salmerón, D, Salomaa, V, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Samoutian, M, Sánchez-Abanto, J, Sánchez Rodríguez, I, Sandjaja, , Sans, S, Santa-Marina, L, Santacruz, E, Santos, DA, Santos, IS, Santos, LC, Santos, MP, Santos, O, Santos, R, Santos, TR, Saramies, JL, Sardinha, LB, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathish, T, Saum, K-U, Savva, S, Savy, M, Sawada, N, Sbaraini, M, Scazufca, M, Schaan, BD, Schaffrath Rosario, A, Schargrodsky, H, Schienkiewitz, A, Schindler, K, Schipf, S, Schmidt, B, Schmidt, CO, Schmidt, IM, Schneider, A, Schnohr, P, Schöttker, B, Schramm, S, Schramm, S, Schröder, H, Schultsz, C, Schultz, G, Schulze, MB, Schutte, AE, Sebert, S, Sedaghattalab, M, Selamat, R, Sember, V, Sen, A, Senbanjo, IO, Sepanlou, SG, Sequera, G, Serra-Majem, L, Servais, J, Ševčíková, Ľ, Sewpaul, R, Shalnova, S, Shamah-Levy, T, Shamshirgaran, SM, Shanthirani, CS, Sharafkhah, M, Sharma, SK, Sharman, A, Shaw, JE, Shayanrad, A, Shayesteh, AA, Shengelia, L, Shi, Z, Shibuya, K, Shimizu-Furusawa, H, Shimony, T, Shiri, R, Shrestha, N, Si-Ramlee, K, Siani, A, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Sidossis, LS, Silitrari, N, Silva, AM, Silva, CRDM, Silva, DAS, Silva, KS, Sim, X, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjöberg, A, Sjöström, M, Skoblina, EV, Skoblina, NA, Slazhnyova, T, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smeeth, L, So, H-K, Soares, FC, Sobek, G, Sobngwi, E, Sodemann, M, Söderberg, S, Soekatri, MYE, Soemantri, A, Sofat, R, Solfrizzi, V, Solovieva, YV, Somi, MH, Sonestedt, E, Song, Y, Soofi, S, Sørensen, TIA, Sørgjerd, EP, Sossa Jérome, C, Soto-Rojas, VE, Soumaré, A, Sousa-Poza, A, Sovic, S, Sparboe-Nilsen, B, Sparrenberger, K, Spencer, PR, Spinelli, A, Spiroski, I, Staessen, JA, Stamm, H, Stang, A, Starc, G, Staub, K, Stavreski, B, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Steinsbekk, S, Stergiou, GS, Stessman, J, Stevanović, R, Stieber, J, Stöckl, D, Stokwiszewski, J, Stoyanova, E, Stratton, G, Stronks, K, Strufaldi, MW, Sturua, L, Suárez-Medina, R, Suarez-Ortegón, MF, Suebsamran, P, Sugiyama, M, Suka, M, Sulo, G, Sun, C-A, Sun, L, Sund, M, Sundström, J, Sung, Y-T, Sunyer, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Sweis, NWG, Swinburn, BA, Sy, RG, Sylva, RC, Szponar, L, Tabone, L, Tai, ES, Takuro, F, Tambalis, KD, Tammesoo, M-L, Tamosiunas, A, Tan, EJ, Tang, X, Tanrygulyyeva, M, Tanser, F, Tao, Y, Tarawneh, MR, Tarp, J, Tarqui-Mamani, CB, Taxová Braunerová, R, Taylor, A, Taylor, J, Tchibindat, F, Te Velde, S, Tebar, WR, Tell, GS, Tello, T, Tessema, M, Tham, YC, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, H, Theodoridis, X, Thomas, N, Thorand, B, Thrift, AG, Tichá, Ľ, Timmermans, EJ, Tjandrarini, DH, Tjonneland, A, Tolonen, HK, Tolstrup, JS, Tomaszewski, M, Topbas, M, Topór-Mądry, R, Torheim, LE, Tornaritis, MJ, Torrent, M, Torres-Collado, L, Toselli, S, Touloumi, G, Traissac, P, Tran, TT-H, Tremblay, MS, Triantafyllou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Trichopoulou, A, Trinh, OTH, Trivedi, A, Tshepo, L, Tsigga, M, Tsintavis, P, Tsugane, S, Tuitele, J, Tuliakova, AM, Tulloch-Reid, MK, Tullu, F, Tuomainen, T-P, Tuomilehto, J, Twig, G, Tynelius, P, Tzala, E, Tzotzas, T, Tzourio, C, Udoji, N, Ueda, P, Ugel, E, Ukoli, FAM, Ulmer, H, Unal, B, Usupova, Z, Uusitalo, HMT, Uysal, N, Vaitkeviciute, J, Valdivia, G, Vale, S, Valvi, D, van Dam, RM, van den Born, B-J, Van der Heyden, J, van der Schouw, YT, Van Herck, K, Van Lippevelde, W, Van Minh, H, Van Schoor, NM, van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Varbo, A, Varela-Moreiras, G, Vargas, LN, Varona-Pérez, P, Vasan, SK, Vasques, DG, Vatasescu, R, Vega, T, Veidebaum, T, Velasquez-Melendez, G, Velika, B, Verloigne, M, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, WMM, Victora, CG, Viegi, G, Viet, L, Vik, FN, Vilar, M, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Viriyautsahakul, N, Virtanen, JK, Visser, M, Visvikis-Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vladulescu, M, Vlasoff, T, Vocanec, D, Vollenweider, P, Völzke, H, Vourli, G, Voutilainen, A, Vrijheid, M, Vrijkotte, TGM, Vuletić, S, Wade, AN, Waldhör, T, Walton, J, Wambiya, EOA, Wan Bebakar, WM, Wan Mohamud, WN, Wanderley Júnior, RDS, Wang, C, Wang, H, Wang, M-D, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, YX, Wang, Y-W, Wannamethee, SG, Wareham, N, Wartha, O, Weber, A, Wedderkopp, N, Weghuber, D, Wei, W, Weres, A, Werner, B, Westbury, LD, Whincup, PH, Wichstrøm, L, Wickramasinghe, K, Widhalm, K, Widyahening, IS, Więcek, A, Wild, PS, Wilks, RJ, Willeit, J, Willeit, P, Williams, J, Wilsgaard, T, Wirth, JP, Wojtyniak, B, Woldeyohannes, M, Wolf, K, Wong-McClure, RA, Wong, A, Wong, EB, Wong, JE, Wong, TY, Woo, J, Woodward, M, Wu, FC, Wu, H-Y, Wu, J, Wu, LJ, Wu, S, Wyszyńska, J, Xu, H, Xu, L, Yaacob, NA, Yamborisut, U, Yan, L, Yan, W, Yang, L, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yardim, N, Yasuharu, T, Yépez García, M, Yiallouros, PK, Yngve, A, Yoosefi, M, Yoshihara, A, Yotov, Y, You, QS, You, S-L, Younger-Coleman, NO, Yu, Y-L, Yu, Y, Yusof, SM, Yusoff, AF, Zaccagni, L, Zafiropulos, V, Zainuddin, AA, Zakavi, SR, Zamani, F, Zambon, S, Zampelas, A, Zamrazilová, H, Zapata, ME, Zargar, AH, Zaw, KK, Zayed, AA, Zdrojewski, T, Żegleń, M, Zejglicova, K, Zeljkovic Vrkic, T, Zeng, Y, Zentai, A, Zhang, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, Z-Y, Zhao, D, Zhao, M-H, Zhao, W, Zhecheva, YV, Zhen, S, Zheng, W, Zheng, Y, Zholdin, B, Zhou, M, Zhu, D, Zimmet, P, Zins, M, Zitt, E, Zocalo, Y, Zoghlami, N, Zuñiga Cisneros, J, Zuziak, M and Ezzati, M (2024) Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, 403 (10431). pp. 1027-1050. ISSN 0140-6736

Preview

Text Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (7MB) | Preview

Abstract

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology T Technology > TX Home economics > TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Divisions:	Sport & Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	07 Mar 2024 14:41
Last Modified:	25 Mar 2024 10:01
DOI or ID number:	10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/22751

View Item