Nahar, L, Chaiwut, P, Sangthong, S, Theansungnoen, T and Sarker, SD Progress in the analysis of phytocannabinoids by HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) during 2020-2023. Phytochemical Analysis. ISSN 0958-0344 (Accepted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Organic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are known as cannabinoids. These molecules possess pharmacological properties similar to those produced by Cannabis sativa L. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) have become the most widely used analytical tools for detection and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) are usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), photodiode array (PDA) or mass spectrometric (MS) detector. Objective: To critically appraise the literature on the application of HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published from January 2020 to December 2023. Methodology: An extensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and published materials including relevant books. In various combinations, using cannabinoid in all combinations, cannabis, hemp, hashish, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, quantitative, qualitative and quality control were used as the keywords for the literature search. Results: Several HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC)-based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids were reported. While simple HPLC-UV or HPLC-PDA-based methods were common, the use of HPLC-MS, HPLC-MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)-PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)-MS and UPLC (or UHPLC)MS/MS, was also reported. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimization of protocols were noted. Pre-analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols. Conclusion: During the last four years, HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) remained the main analytical tools for phytocannabinoid analysis in different matrices.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is the peer reviewed version due to be published in final form in the journal Phytochemical Analysis. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited
Uncontrolled Keywords:	03 Chemical Sciences; 06 Biological Sciences; 11 Medical and Health Sciences; Analytical Chemistry
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher:	Wiley
SWORD Depositor:	A Symplectic
Date Deposited:	26 Apr 2024 12:11
Last Modified:	26 Apr 2024 12:11
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/23142

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