The effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review

Kohlhoff, G, Kirwan, R ORCID: 0000-0003-4645-0077 and Mushtaq, S (2024) The effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207

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Abstract

Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathology in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) involved in increased rates of cardiometabolic disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Low serum vitamin D is often associated with insulin resistance but there is no consensus on whether vitamin D supplementation can ameliorate markers of IR in PCOS. Objectives We assessed evidence on the effects of vitamin D supplementation (≥ 1000 IU/day), without the use of additional supplements or other pharmacological treatments known to affect IR, on markers of IR and glycemic control in women with PCOS. Design A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases from January 2000 up to November 2023. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were included. Results 9 studies were identified. Study populations ranged from 28 to 180 participants, with mean ages ranging from 22 to 30 years. Daily vitamin D doses ranged from 1714-12,000 IU. Of the included studies, 3 reported statistically significant reductions in fasting glucose, 2 reported reductions in fasting insulin, 2 reported reductions in HOMA-IR, none reported reductions in HbA1c and 5 reported no differences in any of the relevant outcomes. Conclusions In conclusion, in RCTs of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, the majority of studies do not report statistically significant improvements in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c or HOMA-IR. However, as a minority of studies report some statistically significant results, further investigation may be warranted.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics; Nutrition & Dietetics
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Springer
Date of acceptance:	26 August 2024
Date of first compliant Open Access:	20 September 2024
Date Deposited:	20 Sep 2024 16:21
Last Modified:	04 Jul 2025 08:45
DOI or ID number:	10.1007/s00394-024-03489-6
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/24212

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