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Lyons, M, Mäkinen, V, Arogundade, R and Zacheus, T (2025) A Qualitative Vignette Study of Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Bystanders in Racism in the Higher Education Context in Finland. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. ISSN 0886-2605
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Abstract
Bystanders play a potentially important role in intervening in incidents of racism, but they often fail to act. Much research has focused on investigating facilitators and barriers to bystander behavior, but mainly in the context of sexual violence. There is a dearth of research in the context of racism, especially outside the English-speaking world. In this pilot study, we employed a qualitative approach to explore bystander facilitators and barriers in higher education students in Finland. Online participants (N = 649) read two vignettes depicting a racist incident and wrote open-ended answers on factors that would facilitate and prevent intervention. We constructed six main themes using an inductive thematic analysis: (i) Perceived self-efficacy to intervene; (ii) Justification and moral reasoning; (iii) Clarity of the situation; (iv) Responsibility and permission to act; (v) Social relationships, support, and presence of others; and (vi) Consequences and impacts of action. We discuss the results with a reference to theories and literature, as well as the unique context of Finland.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Finland; barriers and facilitators; bystander; qualitative; racism; university; 4409 Social Work; 4402 Criminology; 44 Human Society; Women's Health; 4 Quality Education; 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions; 1602 Criminology; 1607 Social Work; 1701 Psychology; Criminology; 4402 Criminology; 4409 Social work; 5203 Clinical and health psychology |
| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB2300 Higher Education |
| Divisions: | Psychology (from Sep 2019) |
| Publisher: | SAGE Publications |
| SWORD Depositor: | A Symplectic |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Feb 2025 12:42 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Feb 2025 12:45 |
| DOI or ID number: | 10.1177/08862605251315776 |
| URI: | https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/25678 |
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