Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. I: Luminosity Function, Volumetric Rate

Das, KK, Kasliwal, MM, Fremling, C, Sollerman, J, Perley, D, De, K, Tzanidakis, A, Sit, T, Adams, S, Anand, S, Ahumuda, T, Andreoni, I, Brennan, S, Brink, T, Bruch, RJ, Chen, P, Chu, MR, Cook, DO, Covarrubias, S, Dahiwale, A et al (2025) Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. I: Luminosity Function, Volumetric Rate. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 137 (4). pp. 1-24. ISSN 0004-6280

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Abstract

We present the luminosity function and volumetric rate of a sample of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey (CLU). This is the largest sample of Type IIP SNe from a systematic volume-limited survey to-date. The final sample includes 330 Type IIP SNe and 36 low-luminosity Type II (LLIIP) SNe with Mr,peak > −16 mag, which triples the literature sample of LLIIP SNe. The fraction of LLIIP SNe is 19−4+3% of the total CLU Type IIP SNe population ( 8−2+1% of all core-collapse SNe). This implies that while LLIIP SNe likely represent the fate of core-collapse SNe of 8–12 M⊙ progenitors, they alone cannot account for the fate of all massive stars in this mass range. To derive an absolute rate, we estimate the ZTF pipeline efficiency as a function of the apparent magnitude and the local surface brightness. We derive a volumetric rate of (3.9−0.4+0.4)×104Gpc−3yr−1 for Type IIP SNe and (7.3−0.6+0.6)×103Gpc−3yr−1 for LLIIP SNe. Now that the rate of LLIIP SNe is robustly derived, the unresolved discrepancy between core-collapse SN rates and star formation rates cannot be explained by LLIIP SNe alone.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics; 5101 Astronomical sciences; 5107 Particle and high energy physics
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Astrophysics Research Institute
Publisher:	IOP Publishing LTD on behalf of Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Date of acceptance:	9 April 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access:	1 May 2025
Date Deposited:	01 May 2025 15:23
Last Modified:	02 May 2025 11:15
DOI or ID number:	10.1088/1538-3873/adcaeb
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26292

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