Overkill and Antemortem Facial Injuries in U.S. Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Homicides (2013-2023)

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Panter, H and Farrell, A (2025) Overkill and Antemortem Facial Injuries in U.S. Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Homicides (2013-2023). Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 22 (2). pp. 1-13. ISSN 1544-4759

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Abstract

This exploratory study examines 298 homicides of US transgender and gender non-conforming victims from January 1st, 2013-January 1st, 2023. Using content analysis and triangulation of data from open-source news reports along with official data sources (i.e., government reports, police reports, post-mortem reports, etc.) victimology and forensic themes within these homicides were identified and examined. Notably, overkill occurred in over 8% of the overall homicide sample studied with antemortem injury locations centralized to the face (79.17%). Overlapping weapon usage were as follows for studied overkill cases: stabbing wounds (n=11); blunt force injuries (n=10); and gunshot wounds (n=3). The results from this study highlight unique investigative themes for forensic consideration in transgender and gender non-conforming homicides when facial injuries are apparent.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: 1602 Criminology; 1701 Psychology; 4402 Criminology; 5204 Cognitive and computational psychology; 5205 Social and personality psychology
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology > HV7231 Criminal Justice Administrations
H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology > HV7231 Criminal Justice Administrations > HV7551 Police. Detectives. Constabulary
Divisions: Justice Studies (from Sep 19)
Publisher: Wiley
Date of acceptance: 28 April 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access: 20 May 2025
Date Deposited: 06 May 2025 14:02
Last Modified: 20 May 2025 11:45
DOI or ID number: 10.1002/jip.70003o
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26309
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