Recent advances in nanomaterial-based optical biosensors and their biomedical and biopharmaceutical applications

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Xu, M, Nahar, L, Ritchie, KJ, Wang, C, Cheng, L, Wu, Z, Sarker, S and Guo, M (2025) Recent advances in nanomaterial-based optical biosensors and their biomedical and biopharmaceutical applications. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. ISSN 2095-1779

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Abstract

Optical biosensors are gaining popularity owing to their portability, miniaturization, no requirement for additional attachments and rapid responsiveness. These features render them suitable for various applications including at-home diagnostics, pharmacology, and continuous molecular monitoring. The integration of functionalized low-dimensional nanomaterials (zero-dimensional (0D), 1D, 2D, and 3D) has redirected focus towards the design, fabrication and optimization of optical biosensors. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms underlying optical biosensing. The key mechanisms include localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), photoluminescence (PL), surface enhancement Raman scattering (SERS), nanozyme-based colorimetric strategies, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence and electrochemiluminescence. The advantages of various low-dimensional nanomaterials for different types of optical biosensors are presented. This comparison emphasizes their potential superiority in targeted biosensing applications. Therefore, promoting optical biosensing techniques and recent developments in advanced biosensing strategies for biomedical research and biopharmaceutical applications is necessary to establish their future directions.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions: Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
Publisher: Elsevier
Date of acceptance: 15 May 2025
Date of first compliant Open Access: 23 May 2025
Date Deposited: 23 May 2025 09:49
Last Modified: 23 May 2025 10:00
DOI or ID number: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101349
URI: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26407
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