Getting Under the Skin of the Menopausal Hot Flush: A Protocol to Examine Skin Function and Structure in Symptomatic Postmenopausal Women

Roberts, KA, Doyle, A, Jones, H and Low, D Getting Under the Skin of the Menopausal Hot Flush: A Protocol to Examine Skin Function and Structure in Symptomatic Postmenopausal Women. Frontiers in Global Women's Health. ISSN 2673-5059 (Accepted)

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Abstract

Introduction The major pathophysiological symptom of the menopause affecting daily life is hot flushes, which are also associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk. A hot flush is a sudden and intense heat sensation causing skin flushing and profuse sweating. Menopause-induced oestrogen deficiency could increase the sensitivity of skin blood vessels and sweat glands in postmenopausal women, which could result in more frequent and larger increases in skin blood flow in postmenopausal women consistent with hot flushes. Furthermore, oestrogen withdrawal could also alter the structure of the skin blood vessels and/or sweat glands which may also contribute to hot flushes. This trial aims to examine the function and structure of skin blood vessels and sweat glands in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods and analysis. This is a single-centre multi-cohort observational study. Participants will attend the laboratory at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) on 38 two separate occasions, ~7 days apart. Visit 1 will consist of anthropometry, a blood sample and assessment of post-ganglionic skin blood vessel and sweat gland responsiveness via cutaneous microdialysis. At visit 2, participants will return for a skin punch biopsy. A between groups statistical analysis of the pre- and postmenopausal cohorts will be conducted in a blinded manner. Ethics and dissemination The trial was approved by the North West - Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee (22/NW/0300) in the UK. The study adheres to The Declaration of Helsinki and is being conducted in accordance with the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research. Discussion Identifying functional and/or structural changes in skin blood vessels or sweat glands in women with hot flushes would increase our understanding of their cause(s) and side effects, and help to design effective treatments, including interventions that can manipulate the activity of the skin blood vessels and/or sweat glands via pharmacological or non pharmacological methods.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	32 Biomedical and clinical sciences; 42 Health sciences; 52 Psychology
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
Date of acceptance:	14 July 2025
Date Deposited:	17 Jul 2025 12:33
Last Modified:	17 Jul 2025 12:45
URI:	https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/26790

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